nLab May spectral sequence

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homological algebra

(also nonabelian homological algebra)

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diagram chasing

Schanuel's lemma

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Contents

Idea

A May spectral sequence (May 64, May 74, Ravenel 86, 3.2) is a certain type of spectral sequence that computes the second page of the classical Adams spectral sequence. More generally, it computes Ext-groups (or Cotor-groups, via this lemma) of comodules over commutative Hopf algebras (the dual Steenrod algebra in the classical case) starting from the corresponding ExtExt-groups over just an associated graded Hopf algebra.

The May spectral sequence is the spectral sequence of a filtered complex induced by suitably filtering the canonical (but intractable) bar complex model for Ext/Cotor (see Ravenel 86, chapter 3, section 2, Kochman 96, section 5.3).

Preliminaries

Cobar complex

Proposition

Given (Γ,A)(\Gamma,A) a graded commutative Hopf algebroid, then AA becomes a left comodule over Γ\Gamma with coaction given by the right unit

Aη RΓΓ AA A \overset{\eta_R}{\longrightarrow} \Gamma \simeq \Gamma \otimes_A A

and it becomes a right comodule with coaction given by the left unit

Aη LΓA AΓ. A \overset{\eta_L}{\longrightarrow} \Gamma \simeq A \otimes_A \Gamma \,.
Proof

Dually this is the action of morphisms on objects given by evaluation at the source or target, respectively.

Definition

Let (Γ,A)(\Gamma,A) be a commutative Hopf algebra, hence a commutative Hopf algebroid for which the left and right units coincide η:AΓ\eta \;\colon\; A \longrightarrow \Gamma.

Then the unit coideal of Γ\Gamma is the cokernel

Γ¯coker(AηΓ). \overline{\Gamma} \coloneqq coker( A \overset{\eta}{\longrightarrow} \Gamma) \,.
Lemma

Let (Γ,A)(\Gamma,A) be a commutative Hopf algebra, hence a commutative Hopf algebroid for which the left and right units coincide η:AΓ\eta \;\colon\; A \longrightarrow \Gamma.

Then the unit coideal Γ¯\overline{\Gamma} (def. ) carries the structure of an AA-bimodule such that the projection morphism

ΓΓ¯ \Gamma \longrightarrow \overline{\Gamma}

is an AA-bimodule homomorphism. Moreover, the coproduct Ψ:ΓΓ AΓ\Psi \;\colon\; \Gamma \longrightarrow \Gamma \otimes_A \Gamma descends to a coproduct Γ¯:Γ¯Γ¯ AΓ¯\overline{\Gamma} \;\colon\; \overline{\Gamma} \longrightarrow \overline{\Gamma} \otimes_A \overline{\Gamma} such that the projection intertwines the two coproducts.

Proof

For the first statement, consider the commuting diagram

AA Aη AΓ AΓ¯ A η Γ Γ¯, \array{ A \otimes A &\overset{A \otimes \eta}{\longrightarrow}& A \otimes \Gamma &\longrightarrow& A \otimes \overline{\Gamma} \\ \downarrow && \downarrow && \downarrow^{\mathrlap{\exists}} \\ A &\underset{\eta}{\longrightarrow}& \Gamma &\longrightarrow& \overline{\Gamma} } \,,

where the left commuting square exhibits the fact that η\eta is a homomorphism of left AA-modules.

Since the tensor product of abelian groups \otimes is a right exact functor it preserves cokernels, hence AΓ¯A \otimes \overline{\Gamma} is the cokernel of AAAΓA \otimes A \to A\otimes \Gamma and hence the right vertical morphisms exists by the universal property of cokernels. This is the compatible left module structure on Γ¯\overline{\Gamma}. Similarly the right AA-module structure is obtained.

For the second statement, consider the commuting diagram

A η Γ Γ¯ η Ψ ΓΓ AA id Aη Γ AΓ Γ¯ AΓ¯. \array{ A &\overset{\eta}{\longrightarrow}& \Gamma &\longrightarrow& \overline{\Gamma} \\ {}^{\mathllap{\eta}}\downarrow && \downarrow^{\mathrlap{\Psi}} && \downarrow^{\mathrlap{\exists}} \\ \Gamma \simeq \Gamma \otimes_A A &\underset{id \otimes_A \eta}{\longrightarrow}& \Gamma \otimes_A \Gamma &\longrightarrow& \overline{\Gamma} \otimes_A \overline{\Gamma} } \,.

Here the left square commutes by one of the co-unitality conditions on (Γ,A)(\Gamma,A), equivalently this is the co-action property of AA regarded canonically as a Γ\Gamma-comodule.

Since also the bottom morphism factors through zero, the universal property of the cokernel Γ¯\overline{\Gamma} implies the existence of the right vertical morphism as shown.

Definition

(cobar complex)

Let (Γ,A)(\Gamma,A) be a commutative Hopf algebra, hence a commutative Hopf algebroid for which the left and right units coincide AηΓA \overset{\eta}{\longrightarrow} \Gamma. Let NN be a left Γ\Gamma-comodule.

The cobar complex C Γ (N)C^\bullet_\Gamma(N) is the cochain complex of abelian groups with terms

C Γ s(N)Γ¯ A AΓ¯sfactors AN C^s_\Gamma(N) \coloneqq \underset{s\; factors}{ \underbrace{ \overline{\Gamma} \otimes_A \cdots \otimes_A \overline{\Gamma} } } \otimes_A N

(for Γ¯\overline{\Gamma} the unit coideal of def. , with its AA-bimodule structure via lemma )

and with differentials d s:C Γ s(N)C Γ s+1(N)d_s \colon C^s_\Gamma(N) \longrightarrow C^{s+1}_\Gamma(N) given by the alternating sum of the coproducts via lemma .

(Ravenel 86, def. A1.2.11)

Proposition

Let (Γ,A)(\Gamma,A) be a commutative Hopf algebra, hence a commutative Hopf algebroid for which the left and right units coincide AηΓA \overset{\eta}{\longrightarrow} \Gamma. Let NN be a left Γ\Gamma-comodule.

Then the cochain cohomology of the cobar complex C Γ (N)C^\bullet_\Gamma(N) (def. ) is the Ext-groups of comodules from AA (regarded as a left comodule via def. ) into NN

H (C Γ (N))Ext Γ (A,N). H^\bullet(C^\bullet_\Gamma(N)) \;\simeq\; Ext^\bullet_\Gamma(A,N) \,.

(Ravenel 86, cor. A1.2.12, Kochman 96, prop. 5.2.1)

Self-Ext of free graded commutative coalgebras

Throughout, let AA be a commutative ring and let Γ\Gamma be a graded commutative Hopf algebra over AA. We write (Γ,A)(\Gamma,A) for this data.

Lemma

Let (Γ,A)(\Gamma,A) be a graded commutative Hopf algebra such that

  1. the underlying algebra is free graded commutative;

  2. η:AΓ\eta \colon A \to \Gamma is a flat morphism;

  3. Γ\Gamma is generated by primitive elements {x i} iI\{x_i\}_{i\in I}

then the Ext of Γ\Gamma-comodules from AA and itself is the (graded) polynomial algbra on these generators:

Ext Γ(A,A)A[{x i} iI] Ext_\Gamma(A,A) \simeq A[\{x_i\}_{i \in I}]

(Ravenel 86, lemma 3.1.9, Kochman 96, prop. 3.7.5)

Proof

Consider the co-free left Γ\Gamma-comodule (prop.)

Γ AA[{y i} iI] \Gamma \otimes_A A[\{y_i\}_{i \in I}]

and regard it as a chain complex of left comodules by defining a differential via

d:x iy i d \colon x_i \mapsto y_i
d:y i0 d \colon y_i \mapsto 0

and extending as a graded derivation.

We claim that dd is a homomorphism of left comodules: Due to the assumption that all the x ix_i are primitive we have on generators that

(id,d)(Ψ(x i)) =(id,d)(x i1+1x i) =x i(d1)=0+1(dx i)=y i =Ψ(dx i) \begin{aligned} (id,d) ( \Psi(x_i) ) & = (id,d) ( x_i \otimes 1 + 1 \otimes x_i ) \\ & = \underset{= 0}{x_i \otimes \underbrace{(d 1)} } + \underset{= y_i}{ 1 \otimes \underbrace{(d x_i)} } \\ & = \Psi( d x_i ) \end{aligned}

and

(id,d)(Ψ(y i)) =(id,d)(1,y i) =(1,dy i) =0 =Ψ(0) =Ψ(dy i). \begin{aligned} (id,d)( \Psi(y_i) ) & = (id,d) ( 1, y_i ) \\ & = (1, d y_i) \\ & = 0 \\ & = \Psi( 0 ) \\ & = \Psi(d y_i) \end{aligned} \,.

Since dd is a graded derivation on a free graded commutative algbra, and Ψ\Psi is an algebra homomorphism, this implies the statement for all other elements.

Now observe that the canonical chain map

(Γ AA[{y i} iI],d) qiA (\Gamma \otimes_A A[\{y_i\}_{i \in I}] ,\; d) \overset{\simeq_{qi}}{\longrightarrow} A

(which projects out the generators x ix_i and y iy_i and is the identity on AA), is a quasi-isomorphism, by construction. Therefore it constitutes a co-free resolution of AA in left Γ\Gamma-comodules.

Since the counit η\eta is assumed to be flat, and since AA is trivially a projective module over itself, this prop. now implies that the above is an acyclic resolution with respect to the functor Hom Γ(A,):ΓCoModAModHom_{\Gamma}(A,-) \colon \Gamma CoMod \longrightarrow A Mod. Therefore it computes the Ext-functor. Using that forming co-free comodules is right adjoint to forgetting Γ\Gamma-comodule structure over AA (prop.), this yields:

Ext Γ (A,A) H (Hom Γ(A,Γ AA[{y i} iI]),d) H (Hom A(A,A[{y i} iI]),d=0) Hom A(A,A[{y i} iI]) A[{y i} iI]. \begin{aligned} Ext^\bullet_\Gamma(A,A) & \simeq H_\bullet(Hom_\Gamma(A, \Gamma \otimes_A A[\{y_i\}_{i \in I}] ), d) \\ & \simeq H_\bullet(Hom_A(A, A[\{y_i\}_{i \in I}] ), d= 0 ) \\ & \simeq Hom_A(A, A[\{y_i\}_{i \in I}] ) \\ & \simeq A[\{y_i\}_{i \in I}] \end{aligned} \,.
Lemma

If (Γ,A)(\Gamma,A) is equipped with a filtering right/left Γ\Gamma-comodules N 1N_1 and N 2N_2 are compatibly filtered, then there is a spectral sequence

1=Ext gr Γ(gr N 1,gr N 2)Ext Γ(N 1,N 2) \mathcal{E}_1 = Ext_{gr_\bullet \Gamma}(gr_\bullet N_1, gr_\bullet N_2) \;\Rightarrow\; Ext_{\Gamma}(N_1, N_2)

converging to the Ext over Γ\Gamma between N 1N_1 and N 2N_2, whose first page is the Ext over the associated graded Hopf algebra gr Γgr_\bullet \Gamma between the associated graded modules gr N 1gr_\bullet N_1 and gr N 2gr_\bullet N_2.

(Ravenel 86, lemma 3.1.9, Kochman 96, prop. 3.7.5)

Proof

The filtering induces a filtering on the standard cobar complex (def. ) which computes Cotor(A,A)Cotor(A,A). The spectral sequence in question is the corresponding spectral sequence of a filtered complex. Its first page is the homology of the associated graded complex (by this prop.).

Construction of the May spectral sequence

Let now A𝔽 2A \coloneqq \mathbb{F}_2, Γ𝒜 𝔽 2 \Gamma \coloneqq \mathcal{A}^\bullet_{\mathbb{F}_2} be the mod 2 dual Steenrod algebra. By Milnor’s theorem, as an 𝔽 2\mathbb{F}_2-algebra this is

𝒜 𝔽 2 =𝔽 2[ξ 1,ξ 2,]. \mathcal{A}^\bullet_{\mathbb{F}_2} = \mathbb{F}_2[\xi_1, \xi_2, \cdots] \,.

and the coproduct is given by

Ψ(ξ n)=k=0iξ ik 2 kξ k, \Psi(\xi_n) = \underoverset{k = 0}{i}{\sum} \xi_{i - k}^{2^k} \otimes \xi_k \,,

where we set ξ 01\xi_0 \coloneqq 1.

Definition

Set

h i,nξ i 2 n. h_{i,n} \coloneqq \xi_i^{2^n} \,.

Also one abbreviates

h nh 1,n=ξ 1 2 n. h_n \coloneqq h_{1,n} = \xi_1^{2^n} \,.

By binary expansion of powers, there is a unique way to express every monomial in 𝔽 2[ξ 1,ξ 2,]\mathbb{F}_2[\xi_1, \xi_2, \cdots] as a product of the elements h i,nh_{i,n} from def. , such that each such element appears at most once in the product. E.g.

ξ i 5ξ j 7 =ξ i 2 0+2 2ξ j 2 0+2 1+2 2 =h i,0h i,2h j,0h j,1h j,2. \begin{aligned} \xi_i^5 \xi_j^7 & = \xi_i^{2^0 + 2^2} \xi_j^{2^0 + 2^1 + 2^2} \\ & = h_{i,0} h_{i,2} h_{j,0} h_{j,1} h_{j,2} \end{aligned} \,.
Proposition

In terms of the generators {h i,n}\{h_{i,n}\}, the coproduct on 𝒜 𝔽 2 *\mathcal{A}^\ast_{\mathbb{F}_2} takes the following simple form

Ψ(h i,n)=k=0ih ik,n+kh k,n. \Psi(h_{i,n}) \;=\; \underoverset{k = 0}{i}{\sum} h_{i-k,n+k}\otimes h_{k,n} \,.
Proof

Using that the coproduct of a bialgebra is a homomorphism for the algebra structure and using freshman's dream arithmetic over 𝔽 2\mathbb{F}_2, one computes:

Ψ(h i,n) =Ψ(ξ i 2 n) =(Ψ(ξ i)) 2n =(k=0iξ ik 2 kξ k) 2 n =k=0i(ξ ik 2 k) 2 nξ k 2 n =k=0iξ ik 2 k2 nξ k 2 n =k=0iξ ik 2 (k+n)ξ k 2 n =k=0ih ik,n+kh k,n. \begin{aligned} \Psi(h_{i,n}) & = \Psi\left(\xi_i^{2^n}\right) \\ & = (\Psi(\xi_i))^{2n} \\ & = \left(\underoverset{k = 0}{i}{\sum} \xi_{i-k}^{2^k} \otimes \xi_k\right)^{2^n} \\ & = \underoverset{k = 0}{i}{\sum} \left(\xi_{i-k}^{2^k}\right)^{2^n} \otimes \xi^{2^n}_k \\ & = \underoverset{k = 0}{i}{\sum} \xi_{i-k}^{2^k \cdot 2^n} \otimes \xi^{2^n}_k \\ & = \underoverset{k = 0}{i}{\sum} \xi_{i-k}^{2^{(k+n)}} \otimes \xi^{2^n}_k \\ & = \underoverset{k = 0}{i}{\sum} h_{i-k,n+k}\otimes h_{k,n} \end{aligned} \,.

Define a grading on 𝒜 𝔽 2 \mathcal{A}^\bullet_{\mathbb{F}_2} by setting (this is due to (Ravenel 86, p.69))

|h i,n|2i1 {\vert h_{i,n} \vert} \coloneqq 2i-1

and extending this additively to these unique representative.

For instance

|ξ i 5ξ j 7| =|h i,0h i,2h j,0h j,1h j,2| =2(2i1)+3(2j1). \begin{aligned} \vert \xi_i^5 \xi_j^7\vert & = {\vert h_{i,0} h_{i,2} h_{j,0} h_{j,1} h_{j,2} \vert} \\ & = 2(2i-1) + 3(2j-1) \end{aligned} \,.

Consider the corresponding filtering

F p𝒜 𝔽 2 *F p+1𝒜 𝔽 2 *𝒜 𝔽 2 * \cdots \subset F_p \mathcal{A}^\ast_{\mathbb{F}_2} \subset F_{p+1} \mathcal{A}^\ast_{\mathbb{F}_2} \subset \cdots \subset \mathcal{A}^\ast_{\mathbb{F}_2}

with filtering stage pp containing all elements of total degree p\leq p.

Observe that

Ψ(ξ i) =ξ i1deg=2i1+0<k<iξ ik p kξ kdeg=2i2+1ξ ideg=2i1. \begin{aligned} \Psi(\xi_i) & = \underset{deg = 2i-1}{\underbrace{\xi_{i} \otimes 1}} + \underoverset{0 \lt k \lt i}{}{\sum} \underset{deg = 2i-2}{\underbrace{\xi_{i-k}^{p^k} \otimes \xi_k}} + \underset{deg = 2i-1}{\underbrace{1 \otimes \xi_i}} \end{aligned} \,.

This means that after projection to the associated graded Hopf algebra

F 𝒜 𝔽 2 *gr 𝒜 𝔽 2 * F_\bullet \mathcal{A}^\ast_{\mathbb{F}_2} \longrightarrow gr_\bullet \mathcal{A}^\ast_{\mathbb{F}_2}

all the generators h i,nh_{i,n} become primitive elements:

Ψ(h i,n) =h i,n1+1h i,ngr 𝒜 𝔽 2 *gr 𝒜 𝔽 2 *. \begin{aligned} \Psi(h_{i,n}) & = h_{i,n}\otimes 1 + 1 \otimes h_{i,n} \;\;\;\;\; \in gr_\bullet \mathcal{A}^\ast_{\mathbb{F}_2} \otimes gr_\bullet \mathcal{A}^\ast_{\mathbb{F}_2} \end{aligned} \,.

Hence lemma applies and says that thet ExtExt from 𝔽 2\mathbb{F}_2 to itself over the associated graded Hopf algebra is the polynomial algebra in these generators:

Ext gr𝒜 𝔽 2 *(𝔽 2,𝔽 2)=𝔽 2[{h i,n} i1,n0]. Ext_{gr \mathcal{A}^\ast_{\mathbb{F}_2}}(\mathbb{F}_2,\mathbb{F}_2) = \mathbb{F}_2[\{h_{i,n}\}_{{i \geq 1,} \atop {n \geq 0}}] \,.

Moreover, lemma says that this is the first page of a spectral sequence that converges to the ExtExt over the original Hopf algebra:

1=𝔽 2[{h i,n} i1n0]Ext 𝒜 𝔽 2 *(𝔽 2,𝔽 2). \mathcal{E}_1 = \mathbb{F}_2[\{h_{i,n}\}_{{i \geq 1} \atop {n \geq 0}}] \;\Rightarrow\; Ext_{\mathcal{A}^\ast_{\mathbb{F}_2}}(\mathbb{F}_2,\mathbb{F}_2) \,.

This is the May spectral sequence for the computation of Ext 𝒜 𝔽 2 *(𝔽 2,𝔽 2)Ext_{\mathcal{A}^\ast_{\mathbb{F}_2}}(\mathbb{F}_2,\mathbb{F}_2). Notice that since everything is 𝔽 2\mathbb{F}_2-linear, its extension problem is trivial.

Moreover, again by lemma , the differentials on any rr-page are the restriction of the differentials of the bar complex to the rr-almost cycles (prop.). The differential of the bar complex is the alternating sum of the coproduct on 𝒜 𝔽 2 *\mathcal{A}^\ast_{\mathbb{F}_2}, hence by prop. this is:

d 1(h i,n)=k=0ih ik,n+kh k,n. d_1 (h_{i,n}) = \underoverset{k = 0}{i}{\sum} h_{i-k,n+k}\otimes h_{k,n} \,.

The second page of the classical Adams spectral sequence

Now we use the above formula to explicitly compute the cohomology of the second page of the classical Adams spectral sequence.

In doing so it is now crucial that the differential in the standard cobar complex (def. ) for CotorCotor lands in Γ¯coker(η)\overline{\Gamma} \coloneqq coker(\eta) where the generator h 0,n=ξ 0=1h_{0,n} = \xi_0 = 1 disappears.

Recall the further abbreviation

h nh 1,n. h_n \coloneqq h_{1,n} \,.

Hence we find using the formula from prop. , that

d 1(h n) d 1(h 1,n) =Ψ¯(h 1,n) =h 1,nh 0,n=0+h 0,n+1=0h 1,n =0 \begin{aligned} d_1(h_n) & \coloneqq d_1(h_{1,n}) \\ & = \overline{\Psi}(h_{1,n}) \\ & = h_{1,n} \otimes \underset{= 0}{\underbrace{ h_{0,n} }} + \underset{= 0}{\underbrace{ h_{0,n+1} }} \otimes h_{1,n} \\ & = 0 \end{aligned}

and hence all the elements h nh_n are cocycles.

d 1(h 2,0)=h 2,0h 0,0=0+h 1,1h 1,0+h 0,2=0h 2,0 d_1(h_{2,0}) = h_{2,0} \otimes \underset{= 0}{\underbrace{h_{0,0}}} + h_{1,1} \otimes h_{1,0} + \underset{= 0}{\underbrace{h_{0,2}}} h_{2,0}
d 1(h 2,1)=h 2,1h 0,n=0+h 1,2h 1,1+h 0,3=0h 2,1 d_1( h_{2,1} ) = h_{2,1} \otimes \underset{= 0}{\underbrace{h_{0,n}}} + h_{1,2} \otimes h_{1,1} + \underset{ = 0}{\underbrace{h_{0,3}}} \otimes h_{2,1}
d 1(h 2,2)=h 1,3h 1,2 d_1( h_{2,2} ) = h_{1,3} \otimes h_{1,2}
d 1(h 2,3)=h 1,4h 1,3 d_1( h_{2,3} ) = h_{1,4} \otimes h_{1,3}
d 1(h 3,0)=h 2,1h 1,0#+h 1,2h 2,0 d_1( h_{3,0} ) = h_{2,1} \otimes h_{1,0}# + h_{1,2} \otimes h_{2,0}
Lemma

In the range ts13t - s \leq 13, the second page of the May spectral sequence for Ext 𝔸 𝔽 2 *(𝔽 2,𝔽 2)Ext_{\mathbb{A}^\ast_{\mathbb{F}_2}}(\mathbb{F}_2,\mathbb{F}_2) has as generators all the

  • h nh_n

  • b i,n(h i,n) 2b_{i,n} \coloneqq (h_{i,n})^2

as well as the element

  • x 7h 2,0h 2,1+h 1,1h 3,0x_7 \coloneqq h_{2,0} h_{2,1} + h_{1,1} h_{3,0}

subject to the relations

  • h nh n+1=0h_n h_{n+1} = 0

  • h 2b 2,0=h 0x 7h_2 b_{2,0} = h_0 x_7

  • h 2x 7=h 0b 2,1h_2 x_7 = h_0 b_{2,1}.

The differentials in this range are

  1. d r(h n)=0d_r(h_{n}) = 0

  2. d 2(b 2,n)=h n 2h n+2+h n+1 3d_2(b_{2,n}) = h_n^2 h_{n+2} + h_{n+1}^3

  3. d 2(x 7)=h 0h 2 2d_2(x_7) = h_0 h_2^2

  4. d 2(b 3,0)=h 1b 2,1+h 3b 2,0d_2(b_{3,0}) = h_1 b_{2,1} + h_3 b_{2,0}

  5. d 4(b 2,0 2)=h 0 4h 3d_4(b_{2,0}^2) = h_0^4 h_3.

e.g. (Ravenel 86, lemma 3.2.8 and lemma 3.2.10, Kochman 96, lemma 5.3.2 and lemma 5.3.3)

Hence this solves the May spectral sequence, hence gives the second page of the classical Adams spectral sequence. Inspection just of the degrees then shows that in this range there is no non-trivial differential in the Adams spectral sequece in this range. This way one arrives at:

Theorem

In low tst-s the group Ext 𝒜 𝔽 2 *(𝔽 2,𝔽 2)Ext_{\mathcal{A}^\ast_{\mathbb{F}_2}}(\mathbb{F}_2,\mathbb{F}_2) is spanned by the items in the following table

(graphics taken from (Schwede 12))

(Ravenel 86, theorem 3.2.11, Kochman 96, prop. 5.3.6)

Hence the first dozen stable homotopy groups of spheres 2-locally are

k=k =012345678910111213
π k(𝕊 (2))=\pi_k(\mathbb{S}\otimes \mathbb{Z}_{(2)}) = (2)\mathbb{Z}_{(2)}/2\mathbb{Z}/2/2\mathbb{Z}/2/8\mathbb{Z}/80000/2\mathbb{Z}/2/16\mathbb{Z}/16(/2) 2(\mathbb{Z}/2)^2(/2) 3(\mathbb{Z}/2)^3/2\mathbb{Z}/2/8\mathbb{Z}/80000

Remark: The full answer turns out to be this:

k=k =0123456789101112131415\cdots
π k(𝕊)=\pi_k(\mathbb{S}) = \mathbb{Z} 2\mathbb{Z}_2 2\mathbb{Z}_2 24\mathbb{Z}_{24}0000 2\mathbb{Z}_2 240\mathbb{Z}_{240}( 2) 2(\mathbb{Z}_2)^2( 2) 3(\mathbb{Z}_2)^3 6\mathbb{Z}_6 504\mathbb{Z}_{504}00 3\mathbb{Z}_3( 2) 2(\mathbb{Z}_2)^2 480 2\mathbb{Z}_{480} \oplus \mathbb{Z}_2\cdots

References

The origin is in

  • Peter May, The cohomology of restricted Lie algebras and of Hopf algebras; application to the Steenrod algebra, Thesis, Princeton 1964

  • Peter May, The cohomology of restricted Lie algebras and of Hopf algebras, Journal of Algebra 3, 123-146 (1966) (pdf)

  • Peter May, Some remarks on the structure of Hopf algebras, Proceedings of the AMS, vol 23, No. 3 (1969) (pdf)

Further computational improvements and a computation of the first 70 differentials (for the case of the mod 2 Steenrod algebra) was given in

  • Martin Tangora, On the cohomology of the Steenrod algebra, Math. Z. 116, 18-64 (1970)

More on the E 2E_2-term is in

  • Peter May, The Steenrod algebra and its associated graded algebra, University of Chicago preprint, 1974.

Review includes

Last revised on October 15, 2020 at 01:21:47. See the history of this page for a list of all contributions to it.