Homotopy Type Theory UMyn8W7b (Rev #45, changes)

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Euclidean semirings

Given a additively cancellative commutative semiring $R$, a term $e:R$ is left cancellative if for all $a:R$ and $b:R$, $e \cdot a = e \cdot b$ implies $a = b$.

A term $e:R$ is right cancellative if for all $a:R$ and $b:R$, $a \cdot e = b \cdot e$ implies $a = b$.

An term $e:R$ is cancellative if it is both left cancellative and right cancellative.

The multiplicative submonoid of cancellative elements in $R$ is the subset of all cancellative elements in $R$

A Euclidean semiring is a additively cancellative commutative semiring $R$ for which there exists a function $d \colon \mathrm{Can}(R) \to \mathbb{N}$ from the multiplicative submonoid of cancellative elements in $R$ to the natural numbers, often called a degree function, a function $(-)\div(-):R \times \mathrm{Can}(R) \to R$ called the division function, and a function $(-)\ \%\ (-):R \times \mathrm{Can}(R) \to R$ called the remainder function, such that for all $a \in R$ and $b \in \mathrm{Can}(R)$, $a = (a \div b) \cdot b + (a\ \%\ b)$ and either $a\ \%\ b = 0$ or $d(a\ \%\ b) \lt d(g)$.