In philosophy a concept called substance plays the central role in Spinoza's system and in Descartes‘s thoughts (LectHistPhil-Descartes).
In Kant‘s critique of pure reason this appears as one of the categories of pure thought. Here “substance” is to go along with substantial, as opposede to accidental.
In Hegel‘s Science of Logic this is claimed to be recovered from a more fundamental “process” as “the final unity of essence and being” (§1235).
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