\documentclass[12pt,titlepage]{article} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsthm} \usepackage{mathtools} \usepackage{graphicx} \usepackage{color} \usepackage{ucs} \usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} \usepackage{xparse} \usepackage{hyperref} %----Macros---------- % % Unresolved issues: % % \righttoleftarrow % \lefttorightarrow % % \color{} with HTML colorspec % \bgcolor % \array with options (without options, it's equivalent to the matrix environment) % Of the standard HTML named colors, white, black, red, green, blue and yellow % are predefined in the color package. 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\makeatother % \tensor and \multiscript \makeatletter \newif\if@sup \newtoks\@sups \def\append@sup#1{\edef\act{\noexpand\@sups={\the\@sups #1}}\act}% \def\reset@sup{\@supfalse\@sups={}}% \def\mk@scripts#1#2{\if #2/ \if@sup ^{\the\@sups}\fi \else% \ifx #1_ \if@sup ^{\the\@sups}\reset@sup \fi {}_{#2}% \else \append@sup#2 \@suptrue \fi% \expandafter\mk@scripts\fi} \def\tensor#1#2{\reset@sup#1\mk@scripts#2_/} \def\multiscripts#1#2#3{\reset@sup{}\mk@scripts#1_/#2% \reset@sup\mk@scripts#3_/} \makeatother % \slash \makeatletter \newbox\slashbox \setbox\slashbox=\hbox{$/$} \def\itex@pslash#1{\setbox\@tempboxa=\hbox{$#1$} \@tempdima=0.5\wd\slashbox \advance\@tempdima 0.5\wd\@tempboxa \copy\slashbox \kern-\@tempdima \box\@tempboxa} \def\slash{\protect\itex@pslash} \makeatother % math-mode versions of \rlap, etc % from Alexander Perlis, "A complement to \smash, \llap, and lap" % http://math.arizona.edu/~aprl/publications/mathclap/ \def\clap#1{\hbox to 0pt{\hss#1\hss}} \def\mathllap{\mathpalette\mathllapinternal} \def\mathrlap{\mathpalette\mathrlapinternal} \def\mathclap{\mathpalette\mathclapinternal} \def\mathllapinternal#1#2{\llap{$\mathsurround=0pt#1{#2}$}} \def\mathrlapinternal#1#2{\rlap{$\mathsurround=0pt#1{#2}$}} \def\mathclapinternal#1#2{\clap{$\mathsurround=0pt#1{#2}$}} % Renames \sqrt as \oldsqrt and redefine root to result in \sqrt[#1]{#2} \let\oldroot\root \def\root#1#2{\oldroot #1 \of{#2}} \renewcommand{\sqrt}[2][]{\oldroot #1 \of{#2}} % Manually declare the txfonts symbolsC font \DeclareSymbolFont{symbolsC}{U}{txsyc}{m}{n} \SetSymbolFont{symbolsC}{bold}{U}{txsyc}{bx}{n} \DeclareFontSubstitution{U}{txsyc}{m}{n} % Manually declare the stmaryrd font \DeclareSymbolFont{stmry}{U}{stmry}{m}{n} \SetSymbolFont{stmry}{bold}{U}{stmry}{b}{n} % Manually declare the MnSymbolE font \DeclareFontFamily{OMX}{MnSymbolE}{} \DeclareSymbolFont{mnomx}{OMX}{MnSymbolE}{m}{n} \SetSymbolFont{mnomx}{bold}{OMX}{MnSymbolE}{b}{n} \DeclareFontShape{OMX}{MnSymbolE}{m}{n}{ <-6> MnSymbolE5 <6-7> MnSymbolE6 <7-8> MnSymbolE7 <8-9> MnSymbolE8 <9-10> MnSymbolE9 <10-12> MnSymbolE10 <12-> MnSymbolE12}{} % Declare specific arrows from txfonts without loading the full package \makeatletter \def\re@DeclareMathSymbol#1#2#3#4{% \let#1=\undefined \DeclareMathSymbol{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}} \re@DeclareMathSymbol{\neArrow}{\mathrel}{symbolsC}{116} \re@DeclareMathSymbol{\neArr}{\mathrel}{symbolsC}{116} \re@DeclareMathSymbol{\seArrow}{\mathrel}{symbolsC}{117} \re@DeclareMathSymbol{\seArr}{\mathrel}{symbolsC}{117} \re@DeclareMathSymbol{\nwArrow}{\mathrel}{symbolsC}{118} \re@DeclareMathSymbol{\nwArr}{\mathrel}{symbolsC}{118} \re@DeclareMathSymbol{\swArrow}{\mathrel}{symbolsC}{119} \re@DeclareMathSymbol{\swArr}{\mathrel}{symbolsC}{119} \re@DeclareMathSymbol{\nequiv}{\mathrel}{symbolsC}{46} \re@DeclareMathSymbol{\Perp}{\mathrel}{symbolsC}{121} \re@DeclareMathSymbol{\Vbar}{\mathrel}{symbolsC}{121} 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\vrule\@height\z@\@width\wd\z@}$}% \dp\tw@-\ht\z@ \@tempdima\ht\z@ \advance\@tempdima2\ht\tw@ \divide\@tempdima\thr@@ \setbox\tw@\hbox{% \raise\@tempdima\hbox{\scalebox{1}[-1]{\lower\@tempdima\box \tw@}}}% {\ooalign{\box\tw@ \cr \box\z@}}} \makeatother % \mathraisebox{voffset}[height][depth]{something} \makeatletter \NewDocumentCommand\mathraisebox{moom}{% \IfNoValueTF{#2}{\def\@temp##1##2{\raisebox{#1}{$\m@th##1##2$}}}{% \IfNoValueTF{#3}{\def\@temp##1##2{\raisebox{#1}[#2]{$\m@th##1##2$}}% }{\def\@temp##1##2{\raisebox{#1}[#2][#3]{$\m@th##1##2$}}}}% \mathpalette\@temp{#4}} \makeatletter % udots (taken from yhmath) \makeatletter \def\udots{\mathinner{\mkern2mu\raise\p@\hbox{.} \mkern2mu\raise4\p@\hbox{.}\mkern1mu \raise7\p@\vbox{\kern7\p@\hbox{.}}\mkern1mu}} \makeatother %% Fix array \newcommand{\itexarray}[1]{\begin{matrix}#1\end{matrix}} %% \itexnum is a noop \newcommand{\itexnum}[1]{#1} %% Renaming existing commands \newcommand{\underoverset}[3]{\underset{#1}{\overset{#2}{#3}}} \newcommand{\widevec}{\overrightarrow} \newcommand{\darr}{\downarrow} \newcommand{\nearr}{\nearrow} \newcommand{\nwarr}{\nwarrow} \newcommand{\searr}{\searrow} \newcommand{\swarr}{\swarrow} \newcommand{\curvearrowbotright}{\curvearrowright} \newcommand{\uparr}{\uparrow} \newcommand{\downuparrow}{\updownarrow} \newcommand{\duparr}{\updownarrow} \newcommand{\updarr}{\updownarrow} \newcommand{\gt}{>} \newcommand{\lt}{<} \newcommand{\map}{\mapsto} \newcommand{\embedsin}{\hookrightarrow} \newcommand{\Alpha}{A} \newcommand{\Beta}{B} \newcommand{\Zeta}{Z} \newcommand{\Eta}{H} \newcommand{\Iota}{I} \newcommand{\Kappa}{K} \newcommand{\Mu}{M} \newcommand{\Nu}{N} \newcommand{\Rho}{P} \newcommand{\Tau}{T} \newcommand{\Upsi}{\Upsilon} \newcommand{\omicron}{o} \newcommand{\lang}{\langle} \newcommand{\rang}{\rangle} \newcommand{\Union}{\bigcup} \newcommand{\Intersection}{\bigcap} \newcommand{\Oplus}{\bigoplus} \newcommand{\Otimes}{\bigotimes} \newcommand{\Wedge}{\bigwedge} \newcommand{\Vee}{\bigvee} \newcommand{\coproduct}{\coprod} \newcommand{\product}{\prod} \newcommand{\closure}{\overline} \newcommand{\integral}{\int} \newcommand{\doubleintegral}{\iint} \newcommand{\tripleintegral}{\iiint} \newcommand{\quadrupleintegral}{\iiiint} \newcommand{\conint}{\oint} \newcommand{\contourintegral}{\oint} \newcommand{\infinity}{\infty} \newcommand{\bottom}{\bot} \newcommand{\minusb}{\boxminus} \newcommand{\plusb}{\boxplus} \newcommand{\timesb}{\boxtimes} \newcommand{\intersection}{\cap} \newcommand{\union}{\cup} \newcommand{\Del}{\nabla} \newcommand{\odash}{\circleddash} \newcommand{\negspace}{\!} \newcommand{\widebar}{\overline} \newcommand{\textsize}{\normalsize} \renewcommand{\scriptsize}{\scriptstyle} \newcommand{\scriptscriptsize}{\scriptscriptstyle} \newcommand{\mathfr}{\mathfrak} \newcommand{\statusline}[2]{#2} \newcommand{\tooltip}[2]{#2} \newcommand{\toggle}[2]{#2} % Theorem Environments \theoremstyle{plain} \newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem} \newtheorem{lemma}{Lemma} \newtheorem{prop}{Proposition} \newtheorem{cor}{Corollary} \newtheorem*{utheorem}{Theorem} \newtheorem*{ulemma}{Lemma} \newtheorem*{uprop}{Proposition} \newtheorem*{ucor}{Corollary} \theoremstyle{definition} \newtheorem{defn}{Definition} \newtheorem{example}{Example} \newtheorem*{udefn}{Definition} \newtheorem*{uexample}{Example} \theoremstyle{remark} \newtheorem{remark}{Remark} \newtheorem{note}{Note} \newtheorem*{uremark}{Remark} \newtheorem*{unote}{Note} %------------------------------------------------------------------- \begin{document} %------------------------------------------------------------------- \section*{Telegram Open Network} \href{https://telegram.org}{Telegram} (see official \href{https://telegram.org/faq}{FAQ} and \href{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram_(messaging_service}{wikipedia}) is developing Telegram Open Network (TON) (see list.\href{https://list.wiki/Telegram_Open_Network_(TON}{wiki} and wikipedia.\href{https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram_Open_Network}{ru}), centered around a new generation (and [[high performance DLs|high performance]]) [[blockchain]] project. TON is envisioned to support for decentralised applications and [[smart contract]]s, distributed file-storage service (TON Storage), micropayments, a proxy service (TON proxy) and TON DNS. TON had large private ICO for large investors in early 2018 and is supposed to be fully operational in Q4 2019. According to press (\href{https://kod.ru/ton-test-version-apr-2019}{kod.ru}, \href{https://zfr.su/nachalsya-zakrytyy-beta-test-telegram-open-network}{zfr.su}, \href{https://cryptor.net/news/pavel-durov-zapustil-testnet-telegram-open-network-3490}{cryptor.net}, \href{https://beincrypto.com/telegram-launches-open-network-testnet-in-private-beta/}{beincrypto}, \href{https://www.kryptonews.org/2019/04/12/telegram-launches-open-network-testnet-in-private-beta}{kryptonews}, \href{https://ton-telegram.net/news/testnet-launched}{other}), TON testnet has started, with access only to limited parties, on April 11, 2019. TON blockchain's native cryptocurrency is called Gram. The underlying blockchain protocol supports a number of innovative ideas helping scaling, including notably infinite sharding paradigm and instant hypercube routing. It employs a new [[virtual machine]] (TON VM), supporting algebraic types. TON has upgradeable formal blockchain specifications and support for off-chain payment networks. \begin{itemize}% \item TON whitepaper, 23 page \href{https://cdn.crowdfundinsider.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/TON-White-Paper-Telegram-ICO.pdf}{pdf}, mirrors \href{https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ucUeKg_NiR8RxNAonb8Q55jZha03WC0O/view}{pdf} \href{https://icorating.com/upload/whitepaper/gNQ7e9z3lCGi519Wz8mmC0Kg8aA0goeZKAQ802vo.pdf}{pdf} \item [[nlab:Nikolai Durov]]`s 132-page technical overview \emph{Telegram Open Network}, Dec 2017 \href{https://toncoin.tech/TON-official-whitepaper.pdf}{pdf}, mirror \href{https://www.kriptovaluta.hr/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/TON-Technology.pdf}{pdf}; \emph{Telegram Open Network Blockchain}, Sep 2018, 121 pp. \href{https://www.docdroid.net/qY4sQEv/telegram-open-network-blockchain-september-5-2018.pdf}{pdf}; \emph{Telegram Open Network Virtual Machine}, Sep. 2018, 148 pp. \href{https://www.docdroid.net/R3vEKBY/telegram-open-network-virtual-machine-september-5-2018.pdf}{pdf} \end{itemize} The whole thing will run on protocols used already by Telegram and use similar specs: \begin{itemize}% \item specs: \href{https://core.telegram.org/mtproto/TL}{TL language} (``Type Language'', TON will use an upgrade, TL-B), \href{https://core.telegram.org/mtproto}{MTProto mobile protocol} \item JAVA MTProto implementation \href{https://github.com/ex3ndr/telegram-mt}{github} \item github \href{https://opentl.github.io/OpenTl.ClientApi}{OpenTl.ClientApi}, \href{https://github.com/nikat/mtproto2json}{mtproto2json} \end{itemize} It will use Telegram Passport. \begin{itemize}% \item Telegram Passport \href{https://core.telegram.org/passport}{manual}, \href{https://core.telegram.org/passport/example}{example}, \href{https://telepass.me}{telepass.me}, \href{https://technandu.com}{guide} \end{itemize} \begin{quote}% Telegram is introducing a new feature called Passport, a single sign-on option for services that need actual real-world IDs or documents. Passport will let users store their files and data in Telegram's cloud and pass it directly on to services that need that information (via Neowin). \end{quote} See also [[digital identity]]. According to a press release \href{https://www.wirecard.com/uploads/tx_nenews/PM_2019_04_17_EN_TON_01.pdf}{pdf} (accompanying event of partnership with Wirecard), \begin{quote}% \href{https://tonlabs.io}{TON Labs} is a core infrastructure and ecosystem developer for TON (Telegram Open Network). Its secure and accessible TON.Dev and TON.Space environments will deliver a TON full node implementation, a versatile toolchain and a cutting-edge SDK, as well as novel ways users interact with fintech services. It will enable the developer community to create, deploy, distribute and manage TON chains for consumer and enterprise applications. \end{quote} According to other \href{https://www.vedomosti.ru/technology/articles/2019/04/03/798189-razrabotchikam-uprostyat-sozdanie-prilozhenii}{press}, TON Labs developes their tools using technical documentation which Telegram distributed to their investors in Autumn 2019, but may also have other insider information making pre-release development effective. [[!redirects TON]] \end{document}