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\begin{document}

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\section*{flavour anomaly}

\hypertarget{context}{}\subsubsection*{{Context}}\label{context}

\hypertarget{fields_and_quanta}{}\paragraph*{{Fields and quanta}}\label{fields_and_quanta}

[[!include fields and quanta - table]]

\hypertarget{physics}{}\paragraph*{{Physics}}\label{physics}

[[!include physicscontents]]

\hypertarget{contents}{}\section*{{Contents}}\label{contents}

\noindent\hyperlink{Idea}{Idea}\dotfill \pageref*{Idea} \linebreak
\noindent\hyperlink{StatisticalSignificance}{Statistical significance}\dotfill \pageref*{StatisticalSignificance} \linebreak
\noindent\hyperlink{Outlook}{Status and Outlook}\dotfill \pageref*{Outlook} \linebreak
\noindent\hyperlink{possible_models}{Possible models}\dotfill \pageref*{possible_models} \linebreak
\noindent\hyperlink{Leptoquarks}{Leptoquarks and Grand unified theory}\dotfill \pageref*{Leptoquarks} \linebreak
\noindent\hyperlink{PossibleModelsOther}{Other}\dotfill \pageref*{PossibleModelsOther} \linebreak
\noindent\hyperlink{RelationToOtherAnomalies}{Relation to other anomalies}\dotfill \pageref*{RelationToOtherAnomalies} \linebreak
\noindent\hyperlink{related_concepts}{Related concepts}\dotfill \pageref*{related_concepts} \linebreak
\noindent\hyperlink{References}{References}\dotfill \pageref*{References} \linebreak
\noindent\hyperlink{general}{General}\dotfill \pageref*{general} \linebreak
\noindent\hyperlink{possible_explanationsmodels}{Possible explanations/models}\dotfill \pageref*{possible_explanationsmodels} \linebreak
\noindent\hyperlink{general_eft_parameterization}{General EFT parameterization}\dotfill \pageref*{general_eft_parameterization} \linebreak
\noindent\hyperlink{leptoquarks}{Leptoquarks}\dotfill \pageref*{leptoquarks} \linebreak
\noindent\hyperlink{boson}{$Z'$-boson}\dotfill \pageref*{boson} \linebreak
\noindent\hyperlink{other_2}{Other}\dotfill \pageref*{other_2} \linebreak


\hypertarget{Idea}{}\subsection*{{Idea}}\label{Idea}

In the current [[standard model of particle physics]] the [[fundamental particles]] in the three [[generations of fermions]] have identical properties from one generation to the next, except for their [[mass]], a state of affairs referred to as \emph{[[lepton]] universality}. A possible violation of lepton universality is called a \emph{[[flavour in particle physics|flavour]] anomaly}, which would be a sign of ``New Physics'' (NP) beyond the [[standard model of particle physics|standard model]].

See \hyperlink{Alonso19}{Alonso 19} for general introduction to an audience with basic background in [[quantum field theory]].

$\backslash$begin\{center\} $\backslash$begin\{imagefromfile\} ``file\_name'': ``bsllprocesses.jpg'', ``width'': 570 $\backslash$end\{imagefromfile\} $\backslash$end\{center\}

\begin{quote}%
graphics grabbed from \hyperlink{Cartelle18}{Cartelle 18}


\end{quote}
\hypertarget{StatisticalSignificance}{}\subsection*{{Statistical significance}}\label{StatisticalSignificance}

Indications of flavour anomalies have been observed consistently and with increasing [[statistical significance]] around $2.5-3$ [[standard deviations|σ]] in [[B meson]] [[scattering amplitude|processes]] in various channels by a number of independent [[experiments]]: the [[LHCb experiment]], the [[Belle experiment]] and the [[BaBar experiment]]:

$\backslash$begin\{center\} $\backslash$begin\{imagefromfile\} ``file\_name'': ``FlavourAnomaliesByChannels.jpg'', ``width'': 590 $\backslash$end\{imagefromfile\} $\backslash$end\{center\}

\begin{quote}%
table grabbed from \hyperlink{BGV19}{BGV 19}


\end{quote}
$\backslash$begin\{imagefromfile\} ``file\_name'': ``FlavourAnomalyAt4Sigma.jpg'', ``width'': 320, ``float'': ``right'', ``margin'': \{ ``top'': 0, ``right'': 10, ``bottom'': 10, ``left'': 0, ``unit'': ``px'' \} $\backslash$end\{imagefromfile\}

The global (all channels and experiments combined) tension with the standard model by end of 2018 had [[statistical significance]] around $4.1$ [[standard deviations|σ]] (\hyperlink{StrumiaEtAl17}{Strumia et al. 17}, \hyperlink{Cartelle18}{Cartelle 18, slide 22/25}, \hyperlink{Dey18}{Dey 18, slide 16/23}, \hyperlink{HAMN18}{HAMN 18, p. 4}, \hyperlink{BouchardCaoOwen19}{Bouchard-Cao-Owen 19}). Various authors see the global tension (i.e. of all decay channels jointly) at over $5 \sigma$ (\hyperlink{CCDGMV17}{CCDGMV 17}, \hyperlink{CFMVV17}{CFMVV 17} \hyperlink{CGMS18}{CGMS 18}, \hyperlink{Dordei18}{Dordei 18, slide 12}), which traditionally qualifies as detection (see \href{statistical+significance#ParticlePhysics}{here}), some authors already quote $5.3 \sigma - 5.8 \sigma$ (\hyperlink{ACDGMM19}{ACDGMM 19}) or $5-6 \sigma$ (\hyperlink{KumarLondon19}{Kumar-London 19}, \hyperlink{Kumar19}{Kumar 19}).

\begin{quote}%
graphics grabbed from \hyperlink{Dey18}{Dey 18}


\end{quote}
This situation was confirmed with the completed measurements presented at \href{http://moriond.in2p3.fr/2019/}{Moriond 2019}, which showed (\hyperlink{Straub19}{Straub 19}, \hyperlink{Allanach19}{Allanach 19}) smaller discrepancy but also with smaller uncertainty, thus keeping the [[statistical significance]] essentially unaffected. But in 2019 \hyperlink{Caria19}{Caria 19, slide 9} report new numbers by [[Belle collaboration|Belle]] by which the previous [[statistical significance]] of $3.8 \sigma$ in the $R_D$ sector would decrease to $3.1 \sigma$ or $2.8 \sigma$ (\href{V_cb+puzzle#GambinoJungSchacht19}{Gambino-Jung-Schacht 19 (6)}). See \hyperlink{LHCb19}{LHCb 19, p. 2} for how the new numbers come about. Comprehensive assessments of the situation after \href{http://moriond.in2p3.fr/2019/}{Moriond 2019} are given in \hyperlink{AHMSN19}{AHMSN 19}, \hyperlink{DescotesGenon19}{Descotes-Genon 19}, \hyperlink{BardhanGhosh19}{Bardhan-Ghosh 19}, \hyperlink{Alguero19}{Alguero 19} and agree that the flavour anomalies have been confirmed:

\begin{quote}%
It appears the reason is that, given the amount of independent measurements ({\tt \symbol{126}}180!) a smaller deviation because of new physics is easier to accommodate than a large one. Thus the new measurements actually fit better with new physics.

(Axel Maas, reporting from \href{https://indico.cern.ch/event/757995/}{ALPS2019}, \href{https://twitter.com/axelmaas/status/1120653147947655168}{tweet, 23 Apr 2019})


\end{quote}
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\begin{quote}%
graphics grabbed from \hyperlink{Zupan19}{Zupan 19}, see also \hyperlink{LHCb19}{LHCb19, Fig. 5}


\end{quote}
The [[statistical significances]] of pull away from the [[standard model of particle physics|stanmdard model]] for [[effective field theory|effective]] New Physics models:

\begin{quote}%
table grabbed from \hyperlink{Alguero19}{Alguero 19}


\end{quote}
There is the claim (\hyperlink{DGKV19}{DGKV 19}) that the discrepancy with the standard model increases further if non-trivial [[hadron|hadronic]] [[form factors]] are taken into account:

\begin{quote}%
slide grabbed from \hyperlink{DescotesGenon19b}{Descotes-Genon 19b}


\end{quote}
If the ongoing evaluation of the data of [[LHC]]`s Run 2 confirms the measurements of Run 1, then the [[statistical significance]] of the effect in each decay channel separately should have reached 5 [[standard deviations|σ]] (\hyperlink{CrivellinEtAl18}{Crivellin et. al 18, p. 12}, \hyperlink{Zupan19}{Zupan 19, 4.6}) and hence conventionally count as detection of flavour anomaly (see \href{statistical+significance#ParticlePhysics}{here}), which would make it the first established ``new physics'' seen at the [[LHC]]. More recent extrapolation based on \hyperlink{LHCbCollaboration18}{LHCb Collaboration 18} predicts a [[statistical significance]] between 6 and 10 $\sigma$ by 2015 \hyperlink{LKLR19}{LKLR 19, p. 12} by they year 2025.

$\backslash$linebreak

In fact, it had been argued prior to the detection of the anomalies (\hyperlink{Lyons13b}{Lyons 13b}, \hyperlink{Dorigo15}{Dorigo 15}) that due to the specific nature of the [[experiment]], the [[statistical significance]]-threshold for detection of anomalies in [[B meson]]-decays should not be taken to be $5 \sigma$, but just $3 \sigma$, hence well exceeded already by the experimentally seen statistical significance:

$\backslash$begin\{center\} $\backslash$begin\{imagefromfile\} ``file\_name'': ``LyonsThresholdForBMesonDecayAnomaly.jpg'', ``width'': 600 $\backslash$end\{imagefromfile\} $\backslash$end\{center\}

\begin{quote}%
table taken from \hyperlink{Lyons13b}{Lyons 13b, p. 4}


\end{quote}
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\begin{quote}%
table taken from \hyperlink{Dorigo15}{Dorigo 15, p. 16}


\end{quote}
This attitude is reflected in \hyperlink{SGGJC19}{SGGJC 19, p. 2}:

\begin{quote}%
For some time now, the ratios of semileptonicB-decay rates have appeared to be enhanced with respect to the Standard Model (SM) predictions with a global significance above the evidence threshold.


\end{quote}
$\backslash$linebreak

\hypertarget{Outlook}{}\subsection*{{Status and Outlook}}\label{Outlook}

In conclusion, with currently available data, the observed flavour anomalies are possible signs of New Physics beyond the current [[standard model of particle physics]].

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\begin{quote}%
graphics taken from \hyperlink{Dordei18}{Dordei 18, slide 22}


\end{quote}
In any case, further and more sensitive experiments are needed to confirm and explore the effect, such as possibly the ``\href{http://hilumilhc.web.cern.ch}{HL-LHC}'' or ``HE-LHC'' experiment. General outlook, prospects and suggestions for future collider design in this respect are discussed in detail in \hyperlink{AllanachGripaiosYou17}{Allanach-Gripaios-You 17}, \hyperlink{CrivellinEtAl18}{Crivellin et al. 18}.

From \hyperlink{Isodori19}{Isodori 19, slide 6}:

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$\backslash$linebreak

\hypertarget{possible_models}{}\subsection*{{Possible models}}\label{possible_models}

Candidate [[model (in theoretical physics)|models]] of ``New Physics'' beyond the [[standard model of particle physics]] that could possibly explain the flavour anomalies (if indeed they are real) includes the following:

\hypertarget{Leptoquarks}{}\subsubsection*{{Leptoquarks and Grand unified theory}}\label{Leptoquarks}

One promising [[model (in theoretical physics)|model]] that could potentially explain the apparently observed flavour anomalies are [[leptoquarks]], which naturally arise in, and hence potentially point to, [[grand unified theory]] [[model (in theoretical physics)|models]], such as notably the [[Pati-Salam model]] (\hyperlink{HeekTeresi18}{Heek-Teresi 18}, \hyperlink{HeekTeresi19}{Heek-Teresi 19})

(see \hyperlink{BauerNeubert15}{Bauer-Neubert 15}, \hyperlink{CCDM16}{CCDM 16}, \hyperlink{Crivellin17}{Crivellin 17}, \hyperlink{Falkowski17}{Falkowski17}, \hyperlink{Mueller18}{Mueller 18}, \hyperlink{MatsuzakiNishiwaki18}{Matsuzaki-Nishiwaki 18}, \hyperlink{MonteuxRajaraman18}{Monteux-Rajaraman 18}, \hyperlink{AMST18}{AMST 18}, \hyperlink{BDFKFS18}{BDFKFS 18}, \hyperlink{Crivellin18}{Crivellin 18}, \hyperlink{MMR18}{MMR 18}, \hyperlink{KumarLondon19}{Kumar-London 19, section 2.2.1}, \hyperlink{MVT19}{MVT 19}, \hyperlink{AMM19}{AMM 19}, \hyperlink{MVK19}{MVK 19}, \hyperlink{CataMannel19}{Cata-Mannel 19})

From \hyperlink{Crivellin18}{Crivellin 18, p. 2}:

\begin{quote}%
the global fit $[$ to [[flavour anomalies]] $]$ even shows compelling evidence for New Physics $[$\ldots{} $]$ The vector [[leptoquark]] (LQ) $SU(2)_L$ singlet with hypercharge $-4/3$ arising in the famous [[Pati-Salam model]] is capable of explaining all the $[$[[flavour anomalies|flavour]] $]$ anomalies and therefore several attempts to construct a [[UV completion]] for this LQ to address the anomalies have been made. It can give a sizeable effect in $b \to c(u)\tau \nu$ data without violating bounds from $b \to s(d)\nu \bar \nu$ and/or direct searches, provides (at [[tree level]]) a $C_9 = - C_{10}$ solution to $b \to s \ell^+ \ell^-$ data and does not lead to [[proton decay]] at any order in [[perturbative quantum field theory|perturbation theory]].


\end{quote}
\begin{itemize}%
\item [[leptoquarks]] in a [[Randall-Sundrum model]]:

\end{itemize}
(\hyperlink{BlankeCrivellin18}{Blanke Crivellin 18}, \hyperlink{Crivellin18}{Crivellin 18})

\hypertarget{PossibleModelsOther}{}\subsubsection*{{Other}}\label{PossibleModelsOther}

Other possible [[model (in theoretical physics)|models]] besides [[leptoquarks]] (\hyperlink{Leptoquarks}{above}) which have been proposed as possible explanations of the apparently observed flavour anomalies include the following:

\begin{itemize}%
\item [[Z'-boson]]

(\hyperlink{GauldGoertzHaisch13}{Gauld-Goertz-Haisch 13}, \hyperlink{DAmbrosioIverPiccininiPolosa19}{D'Ambrosio-Iver-Piccinini-Polosa 19})


\item [[composite Higgs boson]]

(\hyperlink{Marzocca18}{Marzocca 18})


\item [[dark matter]]

(\hyperlink{Baek19}{Baek 19}, \hyperlink{CCMRM19}{CCMRM 19})


\item [[right-handed neutrinos]]

(\hyperlink{MMR19}{MMR 19})



\end{itemize}
\hypertarget{RelationToOtherAnomalies}{}\subsection*{{Relation to other anomalies}}\label{RelationToOtherAnomalies}

There is possibly a relation between the [[flavour anomalies]] an the anomaliesagnetic moment\#Anomalies) observed in the [[anomalous magnetic moment]] of the [[electron]] and/or the [[muon]] (e.g. \hyperlink{ChiangOkada17}{Chiang-Okada 17})

Indeed, [[leptoquark]] models preferred by the flavour anomalies are also a candidate explanation of the anomaly seen at over 4$\sigma$ [[statistical significance]] in the [[anomalous magnetic moment]] of the [[muon]], see \href{anomalous+magnetic+moment#Anomalies}{there}.

\hypertarget{related_concepts}{}\subsection*{{Related concepts}}\label{related_concepts}

\begin{itemize}%
\item [[flavour (particle physics)]]


\item [[V\_cb puzzle]]


\item [[anomalous magnetic moment]]



\end{itemize}
\hypertarget{References}{}\subsection*{{References}}\label{References}

\hypertarget{general}{}\subsubsection*{{General}}\label{general}

Early suggestion to look for relevant channels are due to

\begin{itemize}%
\item [[Patrick Koppenburg]], \emph{Selection of $B_u \to \ell \ell K$ at LHCb and Sensitivity to $R_K$}, 2007 (\href{cds.cern.ch/record/1027442}{cern:1027442}, \href{cds.cern.ch/record/1027442/files/lhcb-2007-034.pdf}{pdf})

\end{itemize}
General introduction to the issue is in

\begin{itemize}%
\item Rodrigo Alonso, \emph{Lepton (non-) unversality in (flavor changing) neutral current B decays}, Proceedings of \href{https://fpcp2019.triumf.ca/}{FPCP2019} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.01716}{arXiv:1907.01716})

\end{itemize}
and for [[charm quark]] physics in

\begin{itemize}%
\item [[Alexey Petrov]], \emph{Theory of rare charm decays into leptons} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1704.03862}{arXiv:1704.03862})

\end{itemize}
Comprehensive overview of the latest world-avereaged results to be found at:

\begin{itemize}%
\item \emph{\href{https://hflav.web.cern.ch/}{Heavy Flavour Averaging group}} (HFLAV)

\begin{itemize}%
\item \emph{\href{https://hflav.web.cern.ch/content/semileptonic-b-decays}{Semileptonic B-decays}}


\item \emph{\href{https://hflav.web.cern.ch/content/rare-b-decays}{Rare B decays}}


\item \emph{\href{https://hflav.web.cern.ch/content/b-hadron-decays-open-or-hidden-charm-hadrons}{B decays to charm final states}}



\end{itemize}


\end{itemize}
Measurements include

\begin{itemize}%
\item [[LHCb collaboration]], \emph{Differential branching fractions and isospin asymmetries of $B \to K^{(\ast)}\mu^+ \mu^-$ decays}, JHEP 06 (2014) 133 (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1403.8044}{arXiv:1403.8044})


\item [[LHCb collaboration]], \emph{Test of lepton universality using $B^+\to K^+ \ell^+ \ell^-$ decays}, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 151601 (2014) (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1406.6482}{arXiv:1406.6482})


\item [[LHCb collaboration]], \emph{Angular analysis and differential branching fraction of the decay $B^0_s \to \phi \mu^+ \mu^-$}, JHEP09(2015)179 (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1506.08777}{arXivL1506.08777})


\item [[LHCb collaboration]], \emph{Differential branching fraction and angular analysis of $\Lambda^0_b \to \Lambda \mu^+ \mu^-$ decays}, JHEP 06 (2015) 115; JHEP 09 (2018) 145 (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1503.07138}{arXiv:1503.07138})


\item [[LHCb collaboration]], \emph{Test of lepton universality using $B^0\to K^{\ast 0} \ell^+ \ell^-$ decays}, JHEP 08 (2017) 055 (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1705.05802}{arXiv:1705.05802})


\item [[LHCb collaboration]], \emph{Measurement of the ratio of the $B^0 \to D^{\ast -} \tau^+ \vu_\tau$ and $B^0 \to D^{\ast - \mu^+ \nu_\mu}$ branching fractions using three-prong τ-lepton decays} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1708.08856}{arXiv:1708.08856})


\item [[Belle collaboration]], \emph{Measurement of the $\tau$ lepton polarization and $R(D^\ast)$ in the decay $\bar B \to D^\ast \tau^- \bar \nu_\tau$ with one-prong hadronic τ decays at Belle} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1709.00129}{arXiv:1709.00129})


\item [[Belle collaboration]], \emph{Measurement of the $D^{\ast -}$ polarization in the decay $B^0 \to D^{\ast -} \tau^+ \nu_\tau$} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.03102}{arXiv:1903.03102})


\item [[LHCb collaboration]], \emph{Search for lepton-universality violation in $B^+ \to K^+ \ell^+ \ell^-$ decays} (\href{https://cds.cern.ch/record/2668514}{cern:2668514})


\item [[Belle Collaboration]], \emph{Test of lepton flavor universality in $B \to K^\ast \ell^+ \ell^-$ decays at Belle} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1904.02440}{arXiv:1904.02440})


\item [[LHCb collaboration]], \emph{Lepton flavour universality in charged-current $B$ decays} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.01500}{arXiv:1907.01500})



\end{itemize}
Review includes

\begin{itemize}%
\item Elena Graverini, \emph{Flavour anomalies: a review}, in \emph{Proceedings of the \href{http://inspirehep.net/record/1621649}{13th International Conference on Beauty, Charm and Hyperon hadrons (BEACH 2018)}} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1807.11373}{arXiv:1807.11373})


\item Diego Guadagnoli, \emph{Flavour anomalies on the eve of the Run-2 verdict}, Modern Physics Letters AVol. 32, No. 07, 1730006 (2017) (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1703.02804}{arXiv:1703.02804})


\item \href{https://cerncourier.com/}{CernCourier}, \emph{\href{https://cerncourier.com/beauty-quarks-test-lepton-universality/}{Beauty quarks test lepton universality}}, March 2018


\item Paula Alvarez Cartelle on behalf of the [[LHCb collaboration]], \emph{New results on flavor anomalies at LHCb}, April 2018 (\href{https://cds.cern.ch/record/2311960/files/FlavourAnomaliesLHCbAlvarez.pdf}{pdf})


\item Biplab Dey on behalf of the [[LHCb collaboration]], \emph{Flavor anomalies at LHCb}, May 2018 (pdf4.05.pdf))


\item Vera Lüth, \emph{A Challenge to Lepton Universality in B Meson Decays}, Invited tall at \href{https://indico.cern.ch/event/651952/}{7th Symposium on Symmetries in Subatomic Physics (SSP 2018)} at RWTH Aachen University (Germany), June 11-15, 2018 (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1808.02587}{arXiv:1808.02587})


\item Francesca Dordei, \emph{Lepton flavour universality at LHCb}, August 2018 (\href{http://cdsweb.cern.ch/record/2634813}{cern:2634813}, \href{http://cdsweb.cern.ch/record/2634813/files/dordei_nufact.pdf}{pdf})


\item Karol Adamczyk ([[Belle collaboration]]), \emph{Semitauonic B decays at Belle/Belle II}, Proceedings of the \href{https://ckm2018.physi.uni-heidelberg.de/}{10th International Workshop on the CKM Unitarity Triangle} (CKM 2018), Heidelberg, Germany, September 17-21, 2018 (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.06380}{arXiv:1901.06380})


\item Christopher Bouchard, Lu Cao, Patrick Owen, \emph{Summary of the 2018 CKM working group on semileptonic and leptonic b-hadron decays} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1902.09412}{arXiv:1902.09412})


\item Jure Zupan, \emph{Introduction to flavour physics} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.05062}{arXiv:1903.05062})


\item David Straub on behalf of [[LHCb collaboration]], \emph{Search for lepton-universality violation in $B^+ \to K^+ \ell^+ \ell^-$ decays}, talk at \href{http://moriond.in2p3.fr/2019/EW/}{Moriond 2019} (\href{http://moriond.in2p3.fr/2019/EW/slides/6_Friday/2_afternoon/4_straub-moriond-2019.pdf}{pdf})


\item [[Ben Allanach]], \emph{Finding Z's responsible for $R_{K^{(\ast)}}$}, talk at \href{http://moriond.in2p3.fr/2019/EW/}{Moriond 2019} (\href{http://moriond.in2p3.fr/2019/EW/slides/6_Friday/2_afternoon/5_Allanach.pdf}{pdf})


\item Sebastien Descotes-Genon, \emph{B-physics anomalies, fluctuations and patterns:a status report}, talk at \href{https://indico.cern.ch/event/757995/}{ALPS2019} (\href{https://indico.cern.ch/event/757995/contributions/3315334/}{web}, \href{https://indico.cern.ch/event/757995/contributions/3315334/attachments/1832940/3002267/slides_alps.pdf}{pdf})


\item Debjyoti Bardhan, Diptimoy Ghosh, \emph{B-meson charged current anomalies: the post-Moriond status} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1904.10432}{arXiv:1904.10432})


\item Marcel Alguero, \emph{Emerging patterns of New Physics with and without Lepton Flavour Universal contributions}, talk at \href{https://indico.in2p3.fr/event/18646/}{bsll2019} (\href{https://indico.in2p3.fr/event/18646/contributions/74403/attachments/54790/71933/Marcel_Alguero_Lyon.pdf}{pdf}, [[AlgueroBsll19.pdf:file]])


\item Jon Butterworth, Section 1 in: \emph{Highlights of EPS HEP 2019}, talk at \href{http://eps-hep2019.eu/}{eps-hep2019} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.12768}{arxiv:1910.12768})



\end{itemize}
Outlook:

\begin{itemize}%
\item [[Ben Allanach]], Ben Gripaios, Tevong You, \emph{The Case for Future Hadron Colliders From $B \to K^{(\ast)}\mu^+ \mu^-$ Decays}, JHEP03(2018)021 (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1710.06363}{arXiv:1710.06363})


\item [[LHCb collaboration]], \emph{Physics case for an LHCb Upgrade II - Opportunities in flavour physics, and beyond, in the HL-LHC era} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1808.08865}{arXiv:1808.08865})


\item A. Cerri, [[Andreas Crivellin]] et. al. \emph{Opportunities in Flavour Physics at the HL-LHC and HE-LHC}, Report from Working Group 4 on the \href{https://indico.cern.ch/event/686494/}{Physics of the HL-LHC, and Perspectives at the HE-LHC} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1812.07638}{arXiv:1812.07638})


\item Gino Isodori, \emph{Flavor physics \& CP violation}, talk at \href{https://indico.cern.ch/event/808335/timetable/#20190513.detailed}{Symposium on the European Strategy for Particle Physics} 2019 (\href{https://indico.cern.ch/event/808335/contributions/3365125/attachments/1842875/3022853/Granada_GI_13May.pdf}{pdf})


\item Luca Di Luzio, Matthew Kirk, Alexander Lenz, Thomas Rauh, \emph{$\Delta M_s$ theory precision confronts flavour anomalies} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.11087}{arXiv:1909.11087})


\item [[Benjamin Grinstein]], \emph{A path to flavor}, talk at \emph{\href{https://indico.cern.ch/event/769902/}{Implications of LHCb measurement and future prospects}} CERN 2019 (\href{https://indico.cern.ch/event/769902/contributions/3582540/attachments/1926501/3193107/Grinstein-high-res.pdf}{pdf}, [[GrinsteinFlavor2019.pdf:file]], \href{https://indico.cern.ch/event/769902/contributions/3582540}{indico:3582540})


\item Monika Blanke, \emph{Flavour Physics from Present to Future Colliders} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.10662}{arxiv:1910.10662})



\end{itemize}
Emphasis of [[non-perturbative effects]]:

\begin{itemize}%
\item Ulrich Nierste, \emph{Flavour Anomalies: Phenomenology and BSM Interpretations}, talk at \href{https://indico.desy.de/indico/event/18498/}{Planck 2018}, Bonn 2018 (\href{https://indico.desy.de/indico/event/18498/session/5/contribution/52/material/slides/0.pdf}{pdf})


\item Saeed Kamali, \emph{New physics in inclusive semileptonic $B$ decays including nonperturbative corrections} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1811.07393}{arXiv:1811.07393})



\end{itemize}
Emphasis of higher [[loop order]]-effects:

\begin{itemize}%
\item [[Andreas Crivellin]], Christoph Greub, Dario Müller, Francesco Saturnino, \emph{Importance of Loop Effects in Explaining the Accumulated Evidence for New Physics in B Decays with a Vector Leptoquark}, Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 011805 (2019) (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1807.02068}{arXiv:1807.02068})

\end{itemize}
Emphasis of effects of [[hadron|hadronic]] [[form factors]]:

\begin{itemize}%
\item Sébastien Descotes-Genon, Alexander Khodjamirian, Javier Virto, \emph{Light-Cone Sum Rules for $B \to K \pi$ Form Factors and Applications to Rare Decays} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.02267}{arXiv:1908.02267})


\item Sebastien Descotes-Genon, \emph{Light-cone sum rules for $B \to K \pi$ form factorsand applications to rare decays}, talk at \href{https://indico.in2p3.fr/event/18646/}{bsll2019} (\href{https://indico.in2p3.fr/event/18646/contributions/74316/attachments/54770/71918/slides_bslllyon.pdf}{pdf}, [[DescotesGenonBssl19.pdf:file]])



\end{itemize}
See also

\begin{itemize}%
\item CERN, \emph{\href{https://home.cern/scientists/updates/2017/06/lhcb-flavour-anomalies-continue-intrigue}{LHCb flavour anomalies continue to intrigue}}, June 2017


\item Vasudevan Mukunth, \emph{\href{https://thewire.in/science/b-mesons-kaons-flavour-changing-neutral-currents}{A Similar Anomaly Has Showed up in Three Physics Experiments Since 2009. What’s Happening?}}, 2017


\item Diego Guadagnoli, \emph{On the status of flavor anomalies}, 2016 (\href{http://indico.ictp.it/event/7627/session/78/contribution/486/}{web})



\end{itemize}
Original articles include:

\begin{itemize}%
\item Guido D'Amico, Marco Nardecchia, Paolo Panci, Francesco Sannino, [[Alessandro Strumia]], Riccardo Torre, Alfredo Urbano,

\emph{Flavour anomalies after the $R_{K^\ast}$ measurement},

J. High Energ. Phys. (2017) 2017 (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1704.05438}{arXiv:1704.05438})


\item Andrea Mauri, Nicola Serra, Rafael Silva Coutinho, \emph{Towards establishing Lepton Flavour Universality violation in $\bar B \to \bar K^\ast \ell^+ \ell^-$ decays} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1805.06401}{arXiv:1805.06401})


\item Bernat Capdevila, [[Andreas Crivellin]], Sébastien Descotes-Genon, Joaquim Matias, Javier Virto, \emph{Patterns of New Physics in $b \to s \ell^+ \ell^-$ transitions in the light of recent data}, JHEP 1801 (2018) 093 (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1704.05340}{arXiv:1704.05340})


\item Alejandro Celis, Javier Fuentes-Martin, Avelino Vicente, Javier Virto, \emph{Gauge-invariant implications of the LHCb measurements on Lepton-Flavour Non-Universality}, Phys. Rev. D 96, 035026 (2017) (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1704.05672}{arXiv:1704.05672})


\item Monika Blanke, [[Andreas Crivellin]], Stefan de Boer, Teppei Kitahara, Marta Moscati, Ulrich Nierste, Ivan Nišandžić, \emph{Impact of polarization observables and $B_c \to \tau \nu$ on new physics explanations of the $b \to c \tau \nu$ anomaly} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1811.09603}{arXiv:1811.09603})


\item Monika Blanke, [[Andreas Crivellin]], Stefan de Boer, Teppei Kitahara, Marta Moscati, Ulrich Nierste, Ivan Nišandžić, \emph{Addendum: ``Impact of polarization observables and $B_c \to \tau \nu$ on new physics explanations of the $b \to c \tau \nu$ anomaly''} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.08253}{arXiv:1905.08253})


\item Jacky Kumar, David London, \emph{New physics in $b \to s e^+ e^-$?}, Phys. Rev. D 99, 073008 (2019) (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.04516}{arXiv:1901.04516}, \href{https://journals.aps.org/prd/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevD.99.073008}{doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.99.073008})


\item Domagoj Leljak, Blazenka Melic, Monalisa Patra, \emph{On lepton flavour universality in semileptonic $B_c \to \eta_c, J/\psi$ decays} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.08368}{arXiv:1901.08368})


\item Rui-Xiang Shi, Li-Sheng Geng, Benjamín Grinstein, Sebastian Jäger, Jorge Martin Camalich, \emph{Revisiting the new-physics interpretation of the $b \to c \tau \nu$ data} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.08498}{arXiv:1905.08498})



\end{itemize}
Cautionary remarks include

\begin{itemize}%
\item \emph{\href{http://dispatchesfromturtleisland.blogspot.com/2017/05/some-b-meson-decay-anomalies-disappear.html}{Some B Meson Decay Anomalies Disappear In Run-2 Data}}


\item Giacomo Caria on behalf of the [[Belle collaboration]], \emph{Measurement of $R(D)$ and $R(D^\ast)$ with a semileptonic tag at Belle}, Moriond, EW 22/03/2019 (\href{http://moriond.in2p3.fr/2019/EW/slides/6_Friday/3_YSF/1_gcaria_moriond2019.pdf}{pdf})



\end{itemize}
In contrast, an argument that the threshold [[statistical significance]] for flavour anomalies should be taken to be $3\sigma$ instead of $5 \sigma$ is made in

\begin{itemize}%
\item Louis Lyons, \emph{Discovering the Significance of 5 sigma} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1310.1284}{arXiv:1310.1284})


\item [[Tommaso Dorigo]], \emph{Extraordinary claims: the $0.000029\%$ solution}, EPJ Web of Conferences 95, 02003 (2015) (\href{https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20159502003}{doi:10.1051/epjconf/20159502003})



\end{itemize}
\hypertarget{possible_explanationsmodels}{}\subsubsection*{{Possible explanations/models}}\label{possible_explanationsmodels}

\hypertarget{general_eft_parameterization}{}\paragraph*{{General EFT parameterization}}\label{general_eft_parameterization}

\begin{itemize}%
\item T. Hurth, A. Arbey, F. Mahmoudi, S. Neshatpour, \emph{New global fits to $b \to s$ data with all relevant parameters}, Proceedings of the \href{https://agenda.infn.it/event/14359/}{Seventh Workshop on Theory, Phenomenology and Experiments in Flavour Physics}, Capri, 8-10 June 2018 (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1812.07602}{arXiv:1812.07602})


\item Srimoy Bhattacharya, Aritra Biswas, Zaineb Calcuttawala, Sunando Kumar Patra, \emph{An in-depth analysis of $b \to c(s)$ semileptonic observables with possible $\mu \to \tau$ mixing} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1902.02796}{arXiv:1902.02796})


\item Marcel Algueró, Bernat Capdevila, Sébastien Descotes-Genon, Pere Masjuan, Joaquim Matias, \emph{What $R_K$ and $Q_5$ can tell us about New Physics in $b \to s \ell \ell$ transitions?} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1902.04900}{arXiv:1902.04900})


\item Marcel Algueró, Bernat Capdevila, [[Andreas Crivellin]], Sébastien Descotes-Genon, Pere Masjuan, Joaquim Matias, Javier Virto, \emph{Addendum: ``Patterns of New Physics in $b \to s \ell^+ \ell^-$ transitions in the light of recent data''} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.09578}{arXiv:1903.09578})


\item Ashutosh Kumar Alok, Amol Dighe, Shireen Gangal, Dinesh Kumar, \emph{Continuing search for new physics in $b \to \mu s s$ decays: two operators at a time} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.09617}{arXiv:1903.09617})


\item Marco Ciuchini, António M. Coutinho, Marco Fedele, Enrico Franco, Ayan Paul, Luca Silvestrini, Mauro Valli, \emph{New Physics in $b \to s \ell^+ \ell^-$ confronts new data on Lepton Universality} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.09632}{arXiv:1903.09632})


\item Jason Aebischer, Wolfgang Altmannshofer, Diego Guadagnoli, Meril Reboud, Peter Stangl, David M. Straub, \emph{B-decay discrepancies after Moriond 2019} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.10434}{arXiv:1903.10434})


\item Alakabha Datta, Jacky Kumar, David London, \emph{The $B$ Anomalies and New Physics in $b \to s e^+ e^-$} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.10086}{arXiv:1903.10086})


\item Ashutosh Kumar Alok, Dinesh Kumar, Suman Kumbhakar, S Uma Sankar, \emph{Impact of $D^\ast$ polarization measurement on solutions to $R_D$-$R_{D^\ast}$ anomalies} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.10486}{arXiv:1903.10486})


\item Pere Arnan, [[Andreas Crivellin]], Marco Fedele, Federico Mescia, \emph{Generic Loop Effects of New Scalars and Fermions in $b \to s \ell^+ \ell^-$ and a Vector-like 4th Generation} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1904.05890}{arXiv:1904.05890})


\item A. Arbey, T. Hurth, F. Mahmoudi, D. Martinez Santos, S. Neshatpour, \emph{Update on the $b \to s$ anomalies} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1904.08399}{arXiv:1904.08399})


\item Pouya Asadi, David Shih, \emph{Maximizing the Impact of New Physics in $b \to c \tau \nu$ Anomalies}, (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.03311}{arXiv:1905.03311})


\item J. E. Chavez-Saab, Marxil Sánchez, Genaro Toledo, \emph{$R_{D^\ast}$ or $R_{D_\pi}$: closing the theoretical gap?} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.03394}{arXiv:1905.03394})


\item Suman Kumbhakar, Ashutosh Kumar Alok, Dinesh Kumar, S Uma Sankar, \emph{Resolving $R_D$ and $R_{D^\ast}$ anomalies} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.03513}{arXiv:1905.03513})


\item Jyoti Saini, Dinesh Kumar, Shireen Gangal, S. B. Dasm, \emph{Probing signatures of beyond standard model physics through $B_s^\ast \to \mu^+ \mu^-$ decay} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.03933}{arXiv:1905.03933})


\item David London, \emph{CP Violation in $\bar B^0 \to D^{\ast +} \ell^- \bar \nu_\ell$} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.07752}{arXiv:1906.07752})


\item Marta Moscati, \emph{New Physics in $b \to c \tau \nu$: Impact of Polarisation Observables and $B_c \to \tau \nu$} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.08035}{arXiv:1906.08035})


\item Damir Becirevic, Marco Fedele, Ivan Nisandzic, Andrey Tayduganov, \emph{Lepton Flavor Universality tests through angular observables of $\bar B \to D^{(\ast) \ell \bar \nu}$ decay modes} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.02257}{arXiv:1907.02257})



\end{itemize}
\hypertarget{leptoquarks}{}\paragraph*{{Leptoquarks}}\label{leptoquarks}

explanation via assumption of [[leptoquarks]]:

\begin{itemize}%
\item Martin Bauer, Matthias Neubert, \emph{One Leptoquark to Rule Them All: A Minimal Explanation for $R_{D^{(\ast)}}$, $R_K$ and $(g-2)_\mu$}, Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 141802 (2016) (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1511.01900}{arXiv:1511.01900})


\item Yi Cai, John Gargalionis, Michael A. Schmidt, Raymond R. Volkas, \emph{Reconsidering the One Leptoquark solution: flavor anomalies and neutrino mass} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1704.05849}{arXiv:1704.05849})


\item Estefania Coluccio Leskow, [[Andreas Crivellin]], Giancarlo D'Ambrosio, Dario Müller, \emph{$(g-2)_\mu$, Lepton Flavour Violation and Z Decays with Leptoquarks: Correlations and Future Prospects}, Phys. Rev. D 95, 055018 (2017) (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1612.06858}{arXiv:1612.06858})


\item [[Andreas Crivellin]], \emph{New Physics in Flavour Observables} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.00929}{arXiv:1706.00929})


\item [[Adam Falkowski]], \emph{\href{http://resonaances.blogspot.com/2015/11/leptoquarks-strike-back.html}{Leptoquarks strike back}}, November 2017


\item Dario Müller, \emph{Leptoquarks in Flavour Physics}, EPJ Web of Conferences 179, 01015 (2018) (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.03380}{arXiv:1801.03380})


\item Shinya Matsuzaki, Kenji Nishiwaki, Kei Yamamoto, \emph{Simultaneous interpretation of K and B anomalies in terms of chiral-flavorful vectors} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1806.02312}{arXiv:1806.02312})


\item Angelo Monteux, [[Arvind Rajaraman]], \emph{B Anomalies and Leptoquarks at the LHC: Beyond the Lepton-Quark Final State}, Phys. Rev. D 98, 115032 (2018) (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1803.05962}{arXiv:1803.05962})


\item Ufuk Aydemir, Djordje Minic, Chen Sun, Tatsu Takeuchi, \emph{$B$-decay anomalies and scalar leptoquarks in unified Pati-Salam models from noncommutative geometry}, JHEP 09 (2018) 117 (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1804.05844}{arXiv:1804.05844})


\item Damir Bečirević, Ilja Doršner, Svjetlana Fajfer, Nejc Košnik, Darius A. Faroughy, Olcyr Sumensari, \emph{Scalar leptoquarks from GUT to accommodate the $B$-physics anomalies}, Phys. Rev. D 98, 055003 (2018) (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1806.05689}{arXiv:1806.05689})


\item Jacky Kumar, David London, Ryoutaro Watanabe, \emph{Combined Explanations of the $b \to s \mu^+ \mu^-$ and $b \to c \tau^- \bar \nu$ Anomalies: a General Model Analysis}, Phys. Rev. D 99, 015007 (2019) (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1806.07403}{arXiv:1806.07403})

(reviewed in \hyperlink{Kumar19}{Kumar 19})


\item Tanumoy Mandal, Subhadip Mitra, Swapnil Raz, \emph{$R_{D^{(\ast)}}$ in minimal leptoquark scenarios: impact of interference on the exclusion limits from LHC data} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1811.03561}{arXiv:1811.03561})


\item Jason Aebischer, [[Andreas Crivellin]], Christoph Greub, \emph{QCD Improved Matching for Semi-Leptonic B Decays with Leptoquarks} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1811.08907}{arXiv:1811.08907})


\item Michael J. Baker, Javier Fuentes-Martin, Gino Isidori, Matthias König, \emph{High-pT Signatures in Vector-Leptoquark Models} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.10480}{arXiv:1901.10480})


\item Ivo de Medeiros Varzielas, Jim Talbert, \emph{Simplified Models of Flavourful Leptoquarks} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.10484}{arXiv:1901.10484})


\item Natascia Vignaroli, \emph{Seeking leptoquarks in the $t \bar t$ plus missing energy channel at the high-luminosity LHC} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1808.10309}{arXiv:1808.10309})


\item Ufuk Aydemir, Tanumoy Mandal, Subhadip Mitra, \emph{A single TeV-scale scalar leptoquark in SO(10) grand unification and B-decay anomalies} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1902.08108}{arXiv:1902.08108})


\item Ivo de Medeiros Varzielas, Stephen F. King, \emph{Origin of Yukawa couplings for Higgs and leptoquarks} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1902.09266}{arXiv:1902.09266})


\item Oscar Cata, Thomas Mannel, \emph{Linking lepton number violation with $B$ anomalies} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.01799}{arXiv:1903.01799})


\item Bhubanjyoti Bhattacharya, Alakabha Datta, Saeed Kamali, David London, \emph{CP Violation in $\bar B^0 \to D^{\ast +} \mu^- \bar \nu_\mu$} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.02567}{arXiv:1903.02567})


\item Han Yan, Ya-Dong Yang, Xing-Bo Yuan, \emph{Phenomenology of $b \to c \tau \bar \nu$ decays in a scalar leptoquark model} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.01795}{arXiv:1905.01795})


\item Alakabha Datta, Divya Sachdeva, John Waite, \emph{A unified explanation of $b \to s\mu^= \mu^-$ anomalies, neutrino masses and $B \to \pi K$ puzzle} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.04046}{arXiv:1905.04046})


\item Andrei Angelescu, \emph{Single Leptoquark Solutions to the $B$-physics Anomalies}, contribution to the \href{http://moriond.in2p3.fr/2019/EW/}{2019 EW session} of the \href{http://moriond.in2p3.fr/2019/}{54th Rencontres de Moriond} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.06044}{arXiv:1905.06044})


\item Oleg Popov, Michael A. Schmidt, Graham White, \emph{$R_2$ as a single leptoquark solution to $R_{D^{(\ast)}}$ and $R_{K^{(\ast)}}$} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.06339}{arXiv:1905.06339})


\item [[Andreas Crivellin]], Francesco Saturnino, \emph{Explaining the Flavor Anomalies with a Vector Leptoquark (Moriond 2019 update)} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.01222}{arXiv:1906.01222})


\item [[Michal Malinský]], \emph{Lepton non-universality in $B$-decays in the minimal leptoquark gauge model} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.09174}{arXiv:1906.09174})


\item Jordan Bernigaud, Ivo de Medeiros Varzielas, Jim Talbert, \emph{Finite Family Groups for Fermionic and Leptoquark Mixing Patterns} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.11270}{arXiv:1906.11270})


\item Junichiro Kawamura, Stuart Raby, Andreas Trautner, \emph{Complete Vector-like Fourth Family and new $U(1)'$ for Muon Anomalies} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.11297}{arXiv:1906.11297})


\item Leandro Da Rold, Federico Lamagna, \emph{A vector leptoquark for the B-physics anomalies from a composite GUT} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.11666}{arXiv:1906.11666})


\item Jacky Kumar, \emph{Combined explanation of the B-anomalies}, Proceedings for FPCP 2019 (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.00416}{arXiv:1907.00416})

(review of \hyperlink{KumarLondonWatanabe18}{KumarLondonWatanabe18})


\item C. Hati, J. Kriewald, J. Orloff, A.M. Teixeira, \emph{A nonunitary interpretation for a single vector leptoquark combined explanation to the B-decay anomalies} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.05511}{arXiv:1907.05511})


\item Javier Fuentes-Martin, Gino Isidori, Matthias König, Nudzeim Selimovic, \emph{Vector Leptoquarks Beyond Tree Level} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.13474}{arxiv:1910.13474})



\end{itemize}
[[leptoquarks]] within a [[Randall-Sundrum model]]:

\begin{itemize}%
\item [[Andreas Crivellin]], \emph{Explaining the Flavour Anomalies with the Pati-Salam Vector Leptoquark}, PoS LHCP2018 (2018) 269 (\href{http://inspirehep.net/record/1713260}{spire:1713260}, \href{https://doi.org/10.22323/1.321.0269}{doi:10.22323/1.321.0269})


\item Monika Blanke, [[Andreas Crivellin]], \emph{$B$ Meson Anomalies in a Pati-Salam Model within the Randall-Sundrum Background}, Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 011801 (2018) (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.07256}{arXiv:1801.07256})


\item [[Andreas Crivellin]], Francesco Saturnino, \emph{Correlating Tauonic B Decays to the Neutron EDM via a Scalar Leptoquark} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.08257}{arXiv:1905.08257})


\item Innes Bigaran, John Gargalionis, Raymond R. Volkas, \emph{A near-minimal leptoquark model for reconciling flavour anomalies and generating radiative neutrino masses} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.01870}{arXiv:1906.01870})



\end{itemize}
[[leptoquarks]] particularly as fields in a [[grand unified theory]]:

\begin{itemize}%
\item Julian Heeck, Daniele Teresi, \emph{Pati-Salam explanations of the B-meson anomalies}, JHEP 12 (2018) 103 (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1808.07492}{arXiv:1808.07492})


\item Julian Heeck, Daniele Teresi, \emph{Pati-Salam and lepton universality in B decays} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.05211}{arXiv:1905.05211})



\end{itemize}
and in relation to [[axions]]:

\begin{itemize}%
\item Javier Fuentes-Martin, Mario Reig, Avelino Vicente, \emph{4321\ldots{} axion!} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.02550}{arXiv:1907.02550})

\end{itemize}
[[leptoquarks]] as possible explanation also of the anomalies seen in the [[ANITA experiment]]

\begin{itemize}%
\item Bhavesh Chauhan, Subhendra Mohanty, \emph{A common leptoquark solution of flavor and ANITA anomalies} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1812.00919}{arXiv:1812.00919})

\end{itemize}
\hypertarget{boson}{}\paragraph*{{$Z'$-boson}}\label{boson}

explanations via assumption of [[Z'-bosons]]:

\begin{itemize}%
\item Rhorry Gauld, Florian Goertz, Ulrich Haisch, \emph{An explicit Z'-boson explanation of the $B \to K^\ast \mu^+ \mu^-$ anomaly}, JHEP01(2014)069 (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1310.1082}{arXiv:1310.1082})


\item G. D'Ambrosio, A. M. Iyer, F. Piccinini, A.D. Polosa, \emph{Confronting $B$ anomalies with atomic physics} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1902.00893}{arXiv:1902.00893})


\item P. Ko, Takaaki Nomura, Chaehyun Yu, \emph{$b \to s \mu^+ \mu^-$ anomalies and related phenomenology in $U(1)_{B_{3-x_\mu L_\mu - x_\tau L_\tau}}$ flavor gauge models} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1902.06107}{arXiv:1902.06107})


\item Joe Davighi, \emph{Connecting neutral current $B$ anomalies with the heaviness of the third family}, Contribution to the \href{http://moriond.in2p3.fr/2019/QCD/}{2019 QCD session} of the \href{http://moriond.in2p3.fr/2019/}{54th Rencontres de Moriond} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.06073}{arXiv:1905.06073})


\item Wolfgang Altmannshofer, Joe Davighi, Marco Nardecchia, \emph{Gauging the accidental symmetries of the Standard Model, and implications for the flavour anomalies} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.02021}{arXiv:1909.02021})



\end{itemize}
\hypertarget{other_2}{}\paragraph*{{Other}}\label{other_2}

[[composite Higgs boson]]:

\begin{itemize}%
\item David Marzocca, \emph{Addressing the B-physics anomalies in a fundamental Composite Higgs Model}, JHEP07(2018)121 (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1803.10972}{arXiv:1803.10972})


\item [[Andreas Crivellin]], Dario Müller, Christoph Wiegand, \emph{$b \to s \ell^+ \ell^-$ Transitions in Two-Higgs-Doublet Models} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.10440}{arXiv:1903.10440})


\item Peter Stangl, \emph{Flavour anomalies and (fundamental) partial compositeness} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.05158}{arXiv:1907.05158})



\end{itemize}
[[dark matter]]:

\begin{itemize}%
\item Seungwon Baek, \emph{Scalar dark matter behind $b \to s \mu \mu$ anomaly} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.04761}{arXiv:1901.04761})


\item D.G. Cerdeno, A. Cheek, P. Martin-Ramiro, J.M. Moreno, \emph{B anomalies and dark matter: a complex connection} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1902.01789}{arXiv:1902.01789})


\item Anirban Biswas, Avirup Shaw, \emph{Reconciling dark matter, $R_{K^{(\ast)}}$ anomalies and $(g-2)_\mu$ in an $L_\mu-L_\tau$ scenario} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.08745}{arXiv:1903.08745})



\end{itemize}
[[right-handed neutrino]]:

\begin{itemize}%
\item Carlo Marzo, Luca Marzola, Martti Raidal, \emph{Common explanation to the $R_{K^{(\ast)}}$, $R_{K^{(\ast)}}$ and $\epsilon'/\epsilon$ anomalies in a 3HDM+$\nu_R$ and connections to neutrino physics} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.08290}{arXiv:1901.08290})


\item Luigi Delle Rose, Shaaban Khalil, Simon J.D. King, Stefano Moretti, \emph{$R_K$ and $R_{K^\ast}$ in an Aligned 2HDM with Right-Handed Neutrinos} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.11146}{arXiv:1903.11146})



\end{itemize}
[[MSSM]] with [[R-parity]]-violation

\begin{itemize}%
\item Dong-Yang Wang, Ya-Dong Yang, Xing-Bo Yuan, \emph{$b \to c \tau \bar \nu$ decays in supersymmetry with R-parity violation} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.08784}{arXiv:1905.08784})

\end{itemize}
[[Horava-Witten theory]]-type [[KK-compactification]]:

\begin{itemize}%
\item Jong-Phil Lee, \emph{$B$ anomalies in the nonminimal universal extra dimension model} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.07345}{arXiv:1906.07345})

\end{itemize}
Joint explanation with the \href{anomalous+magnetic+moment#Anomalies}{anomalies} observed in the [[muon]] [[anomalous magnetic moment]]:

\begin{itemize}%
\item Cheng-Wei Chiang, Hiroshi Okada, \emph{A simple model for explaining muon-related anomalies and dark matter} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1711.07365}{arXiv:1711.07365})


\item Junichiro Kawamura, Stuart Raby, Andreas Trautner, \emph{Complete Vector-like Fourth Family and new $U(1)'$ for Muon Anomalies} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.11297}{arXiv:1906.11297})



\end{itemize}
Exotic [[Higgs field]] couplings to a [[hidden sector]]:

\begin{itemize}%
\item Jared A. Evans, [[Philip Tanedo]], Mohammadreza Zakeri, \emph{Exotic Lepton-Flavor Violating Higgs Decays} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.07533}{arxiv:1910.07533})

\end{itemize}
[[!redirects flavour anomalies]]

[[!redirects flavor anomaly]] [[!redirects flavor anomalies]]



\end{document}