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\begin{document}

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\section*{split supersymmetry}

\hypertarget{context}{}\subsubsection*{{Context}}\label{context}

\hypertarget{fields_and_quanta}{}\paragraph*{{Fields and quanta}}\label{fields_and_quanta}

[[!include fields and quanta - table]]

\hypertarget{supergeometry}{}\paragraph*{{Super-Geometry}}\label{supergeometry}

[[!include supergeometry - contents]]

\hypertarget{contents}{}\section*{{Contents}}\label{contents}

\noindent\hyperlink{idea}{Idea}\dotfill \pageref*{idea} \linebreak
\noindent\hyperlink{examples}{Examples}\dotfill \pageref*{examples} \linebreak
\noindent\hyperlink{mssm}{$G_2$-MSSM}\dotfill \pageref*{mssm} \linebreak
\noindent\hyperlink{references}{References}\dotfill \pageref*{references} \linebreak


\hypertarget{idea}{}\subsection*{{Idea}}\label{idea}

In [[particle physics]] [[phenomenology]], the term \emph{split supersymmetry} refers to [[model (physics)|models]] of [[supersymmetry|supersymmetric]] extensions of the [[standard model of particle physics]] ([[MSSM]] or other) whose [[supersymmetry breaking]]-[[scale]] is very high (for instance at [[GUT]]-scale of about $10^{15}$ [[GeV]]), much higher than the [[electroweak symmetry breaking]]-[[scale]] (of about 246 [[GeV]]) hence violating the idea of ``[[naturalness]]'', but such that approximate [[chiral symmetry]] [[protection from quantum corrections|protects]] the [[masses]] of the [[fermion|fermionic]] [[superpartners]].

As a result, in such [[model (physics)|models]] there is a ``split'' of the [[mass]] [[scales]] of the [[superpartner]] [[particles]]:

\begin{enumerate}%
\item the [[scalar field|scalar]] [[superpartners]] (the [[sfermions]], hence the [[squarks]] and [[sleptons]]) have high [[rest masses]], from tens of [[TeV]] (mass scale of the [[gravitino]]) up to the [[supersymmetry breaking]]-scale many order of magnitudes higher;


\item the fermionic [[superpartners]] ([[gauginos]] and [[higgsino]]) have masses much closer to the [[electroweak symmetry breaking]] scale, at about a few [[TeV]].



\end{enumerate}
(see \hyperlink{ArkaniHamedDimopoulosGiudiceRomanino05}{Arkani-Hamed, Dimopoulos, Giudice, Romanino 05, p 2.})

Therefore one speaks of ``split supersymmetry'' (\hyperlink{GiudiceRomanino04}{Giudice-Romanino 04}).

Historically, the consideration of split supersymmetry (\hyperlink{ArkaniHamedDimopoulos05}{Arkani-Hamed, Dimopoulos 04}) was in contrast to the folklore of ``[[naturalness]]'' which governed [[supersymmetry]] [[model (physics)|model]]-building. Split supersymmetry was motivated by the observation that many other theoretical problems of low-scale susy models disappear if one does not insist on ``[[naturalness]]''. Indeed, after the [[LHC]] [[experiment]] produced first observational results, susy models exhibiting ``[[naturalness]]'' were ruled out, while only split supersymmetry models remained viable (this as of beginning of 2018).

\hypertarget{examples}{}\subsection*{{Examples}}\label{examples}

\hypertarget{mssm}{}\subsubsection*{{$G_2$-MSSM}}\label{mssm}

The class of [[model (physics)|physics]] called [[G2-MSSM]] generically exhibits ``slightly'' split supersymmetry.

From \hyperlink{Kane17}{Kane 17, p. 43-44 ((5-1)-(5-2))}:

\begin{quote}%
It is important to understand that there are two measures relevant to understanding supersymmetry breaking, one the scale at which it is broken (about $10^{14}$ [[GeV]] as described above), and the other the resulting [[gravitino]] mass. In the [[KK mechanism|compactified]] [[M-theory]] case the [[gravitino]] mass is calculated, and comes out to be about 40 [[TeV]] (40 000 [[GeV]]). Sometimes even experts confuse these two scales if they are speculating about [[supersymmetry breaking]] without a real theory to calculate.

Thus 40 [[TeV]] is the natural scale for [[superpartner]] masses. That is not a surprising number in a theory starting with everything at the [[Planck scale]], but it is surprising if one expects the superpartner masses to be near the particle masses (all well below 1 [[TeV]]). The [[squarks]] and other masses are indeed predicted to be at the [[gravitino]] scale, tens of [[TeV|tera-electronvolts]].

The theory has formulas (‘supergravity formulas’) for all the masses. When one calculates carefully the masses of the superpartners of the [[gauge bosons]] that mediate the [[standard model of particle physics|Standard Model]] forces they turn out to get no contribution from one large source, and the resulting value for the [[superpartners]] of the [[gauge bosons]] ([[gauginos]]) is about 1 [[TeV]], rather than about 40 [[TeV]]. They are the [[gluino]], photino, zino, and wino. The strong force gluino is heavier, about 1.5 [[TeV]] or somewhat more, and the [[electroweak field|electroweak]] ones (photino, zino, wino) are somewhat lighter, about half a [[TeV|tera-electronvolt]].

(\hyperlink{Kane17}{Kane 17, p. 43-44 ((5-1)-(5-2))})


\end{quote}
\hypertarget{references}{}\subsection*{{References}}\label{references}

The idea originates with

\begin{itemize}%
\item [[James Wells]], \emph{Implications of Supersymmetry Breaking with a Little Hierarchy between Gauginos and Scalars}, Proceedings of \href{http://www.physics.arizona.edu/susy2003/}{SUSY 2003} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0306127}{arXiv:hep-ph/0306127})


\item [[Nima Arkani-Hamed]], [[Savas Dimopoulos]], \emph{Supersymmetric Unification Without Low Energy Supersymmetry And Signatures for Fine-Tuning at the LHC}, JHEP 0506 (2005) 073 (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0405159}{arXiv:hep-th/0405159})


\item [[Gian Francesco Giudice]], A. Romanino, \emph{Split Supersymmetry}, Nucl. Phys. B699:65-89,2004; Erratum-ibid.B706:65-89,2005 (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0406088}{arXiv:hep-ph/0406088})



\end{itemize}
Further discussion includes

\begin{itemize}%
\item [[Nima Arkani-Hamed]], [[Savas Dimopoulos]], [[Gian Francesco Giudice]], A. Romanino, \emph{Aspects of Split Supersymmetry}, Nucl. Phys. B709:3-46, 2005 (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0409232}{arXiv:hep-ph/0409232})


\item Fei Wang, Wenyu Wang, Jin Min Yang, \emph{A split SUSY model from SUSY GUT}, JHEP03(2015)050 (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1501.02906}{arXiv:1501.02906})



\end{itemize}
Popular discussion of the ``slightly split'' [[G2-MSSM]] is in

\begin{itemize}%
\item [[Gordon Kane]], \emph{String theory and the real world}, Morgan \& Claypool, 2017 ()

\end{itemize}
Discussion of [[phenomenology]] in view of the observed near-criticality of the [[Higgs field]] [[vacuum stability]]:

\begin{itemize}%
\item [[Gian Giudice]], [[Alessandro Strumia]], \emph{Probing High-Scale and Split Supersymmetry with Higgs Mass Measurements}, Nuclear Physics B Volume 858, Issue 1, 1 May 2012, Pages 63-83 (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1108.6077}{arXiv:1108.6077})


\item Gino Isidori, Andrea Pattori, \emph{On the tuning in the $(m_h, m_t)$ plane: Standard Model criticality vs. High-scale SUSY}, Physics Letters B Volume 782, 10 July 2018, Pages 551-558 (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1710.11060}{arXiv:1710.11060})



\end{itemize}
See also

\begin{itemize}%
\item Wikipedia, \emph{\href{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Split_supersymmetry}{Split supersymmetry}}

\end{itemize}


\end{document}