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\begin{document}

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\section*{structure formation}

\hypertarget{context}{}\subsubsection*{{Context}}\label{context}

\hypertarget{physics}{}\paragraph*{{Physics}}\label{physics}

[[!include physicscontents]]

\hypertarget{contents}{}\section*{{Contents}}\label{contents}

\noindent\hyperlink{idea}{Idea}\dotfill \pageref*{idea} \linebreak
\noindent\hyperlink{related_concepts}{Related concepts}\dotfill \pageref*{related_concepts} \linebreak
\noindent\hyperlink{references}{References}\dotfill \pageref*{references} \linebreak
\noindent\hyperlink{computer_simulation}{Computer simulation}\dotfill \pageref*{computer_simulation} \linebreak
\noindent\hyperlink{millenium_project}{Millenium Project}\dotfill \pageref*{millenium_project} \linebreak
\noindent\hyperlink{MilleniumI}{Millenium I}\dotfill \pageref*{MilleniumI} \linebreak
\noindent\hyperlink{MilleniumII}{Millenium II}\dotfill \pageref*{MilleniumII} \linebreak
\noindent\hyperlink{MilleniumXXL}{Millenium XXL}\dotfill \pageref*{MilleniumXXL} \linebreak
\noindent\hyperlink{Illustris}{Illustris Project}\dotfill \pageref*{Illustris} \linebreak
\noindent\hyperlink{ReferencesFIRE}{FIRE}\dotfill \pageref*{ReferencesFIRE} \linebreak
\noindent\hyperlink{other}{Other}\dotfill \pageref*{other} \linebreak


\hypertarget{idea}{}\subsection*{{Idea}}\label{idea}

In the context of [[cosmology]], \emph{structure formation} refers to the process by which cosmological structures such as [[galaxy clusters]] form under [[gravity|gravitational]] collapse of a primordial gas.

Various computer simulations (\hyperlink{MilleniumI}{Millenium I}, \hyperlink{MilleniumII}{Millenium II}, \hyperlink{MilleniumXXL}{Millenium XXL}, \hyperlink{Illustris}{Illustris}) test theory against observations, such as those by the [[Planck Collaboration]], see \hyperlink{Springel13}{Springel 13} for survey.



\begin{quote}%
graphics from \emph{\href{https://wwwmpa.mpa-garching.mpg.de/galform/virgo/millennium/}{The Millenium Simulation Project}}


\end{quote}
From \hyperlink{VogelsbergerEtAl14}{Vogelsberger et al. 14}:

\begin{quote}%
 The simulation reproduces reasonably well the cosmic star formation rate density, the galaxy luminosity function, and baryon conversion efficiency at $z=0$. It also qualitatively captures the impact of galaxy environment on the red fractions of galaxies. The internal velocity structure of selected well-resolved disk galaxies obeys the stellar and baryonic Tully-Fisher relation together with flat circular velocity curves. In the well-resolved regime the simulation reproduces the observed mix of early-type and late-type galaxies.


\end{quote}
See also \hyperlink{IllustrisProjectWebsite}{Illustris Project Website}: \emph{\href{http://www.illustris-project.org/about/#public-three}{What are we learning?}} and \emph{\href{http://www.illustris-project.org/about/#astronomers-four}{Preliminary Results}}.

For structure on [[galaxy|galactic]] scales (such as [[galaxy rotation curves]] and [[Tully-Fisher relation]]) there is see \href{https://fire.northwestern.edu/}{FIRE}, see \emph{\href{Hopkins17}{Hopkins et al 17}}/

\hypertarget{related_concepts}{}\subsection*{{Related concepts}}\label{related_concepts}

\begin{itemize}%
\item [[inhomogeneous cosmology]]


\item [[observable universe]]


\item [[dark matter]]



\end{itemize}
\hypertarget{references}{}\subsection*{{References}}\label{references}

Review includes

\begin{itemize}%
\item [[Joel Primack]], \emph{Dark Matter and Structure Formation in the Universe}, Chapter 1 of \emph{Formation of Structure in the Universe}, Proceedings of the Jerusalem Winter School 1996, edited by A. Dekel and J.P. Ostriker (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9707285}{arXiv:astro-ph/9707285})


\item [[Daniel Baumann]], \emph{The big bang and the origin of structure}, 2019 (\href{https://www.dropbox.com/s/as3vb4jpv65822k/BigHistory-2019.pdf?dl=0}{web})



\end{itemize}
Galaxy formation:

\begin{itemize}%
\item Julio Navarro, \emph{Simulations of Galaxy Formation: the State of the Art} (\href{http://www.physics.ox.ac.uk/iau311/navarro_iau311.pdf}{pdf})


\item [[Justin Read]] et al. \emph{EDGE I: the mass-metallicity relation as a critical test of galaxy formation physics} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1904.02723}{arXiv:1904.02723})



\end{itemize}
See also

\begin{itemize}%
\item Wikipedia, \emph{\href{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structure_formation}{Structure formation}}

\end{itemize}
\hypertarget{computer_simulation}{}\subsubsection*{{Computer simulation}}\label{computer_simulation}

There are various computer simulations for cosmic structure formation, listed below. Review includes the following:

\begin{itemize}%
\item Volker Springel, \emph{Simulations of Cosmic Structure Formation}, USP Cosmology Conference Sao Paulo, February 2013 (\href{http://astro.dur.ac.uk/~cmb/LACEGAL/Talks/talk_springel.pdf}{pdf}, [[Springel13.pdf:file]])


\item \href{http://cfcp.uchicago.edu/}{Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics}, \emph{\href{cosmicweb.uchicago.edu/sims.html}{Formation of the large-scale structure in the Universe: simulations}}



\end{itemize}
\hypertarget{millenium_project}{}\paragraph*{{Millenium Project}}\label{millenium_project}

\begin{itemize}%
\item Wikipedia, \emph{\href{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millennium_Run}{Millenium Run}}

\end{itemize}
\hypertarget{MilleniumI}{}\paragraph*{{Millenium I}}\label{MilleniumI}

\begin{itemize}%
\item \emph{\href{https://wwwmpa.mpa-garching.mpg.de/galform/virgo/millennium/}{The Millenium Simulation Project}}

\end{itemize}
\hypertarget{MilleniumII}{}\paragraph*{{Millenium II}}\label{MilleniumII}

\begin{itemize}%
\item Michael Boylan-Kolchin, Volker Springel, Simon D. M. White, Adrian Jenkins, Gerard Lemson, \emph{Resolving Cosmic Structure Formation with the Millennium-II Simulation}, Mon.Not.Roy.Astron.Soc.398:1150, 2009 (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/0903.3041}{arXiv:0903.3041})

\end{itemize}
\hypertarget{MilleniumXXL}{}\paragraph*{{Millenium XXL}}\label{MilleniumXXL}

\begin{itemize}%
\item \emph{The Millennium-XXL Project: Simulating the Galaxy Population of dark Energy Universes} (\href{https://www.h-its.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/inSiDE_autumn2010_p20.pdf}{pdf})


\item R. E. Angulo, V. Springel, S. D. M. White, A. Jenkins, C. M. Baugh, C. S. Frenk, \emph{Scaling relations for galaxy clusters in the Millennium-XXL simulation}, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 426, Issue 3, 1 November 2012, Pages 2046–2062, (, \href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.3216}{arXiv:1203.3216})



\end{itemize}
\hypertarget{Illustris}{}\paragraph*{{Illustris Project}}\label{Illustris}

\begin{itemize}%
\item \emph{\href{http://www.illustris-project.org/about/}{Illustris Project Website}}


\item Wikipedia, \emph{\href{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illustris_project}{Illustris project}}


\item Mark Vogelsberger, Shy Genel, Volker Springel, Paul Torrey, Debora Sijacki, Dandan Xu, Greg Snyder, Dylan Nelson, Lars Hernquist, \emph{Introducing the Illustris Project: simulating the coevolution of dark and visible matter in the Universe} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1405.2921}{arXiv:1405.2921})



\end{itemize}
\hypertarget{ReferencesFIRE}{}\paragraph*{{FIRE}}\label{ReferencesFIRE}

[[galaxy]] formation

\begin{itemize}%
\item \href{https://fire.northwestern.edu/}{FIRE: Feedback In Realistic Environments Increasing the predictive power of galaxy formation simulations}

\begin{itemize}%
\item \href{https://fire.northwestern.edu/visualizations/}{visualization}

\end{itemize}

\item Shea Garrison-Kimmel, \emph{Next-generation Galaxy Formation Simulations with FIRE}, 2018 (\href{https://youtu.be/sSkrm66uDvw}{video recording})


\item Fitts et al. \emph{FIRE in the Field: Simulating the Threshold of Galaxy Formation}, Mon.Not.Roy.Astron.Soc.471:3547-3562, 2017 (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1611.02281}{arXiv:1611.02281})


\item Hopkins et al. \emph{FIRE-2 Simulations: Physics versus Numerics in Galaxy Formation}. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 480, Issue 1, 11 October 2018, Pages 800–863 (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1702.06148}{arXiv:1702.06148}, \href{https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty1690}{doi:10.1093/mnras/sty1690})


\item El-Badry et al. \emph{Gas Kinematics in FIRE Simulated Galaxies Compared to Spatially Unresolved HI Observations}, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 477, Issue 2, 21 June 2018, Pages 1536–1548 (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.03933}{arXiv:1801.03933}, \href{https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty730}{doi:10.1093/mnras/sty730})



\end{itemize}
[[galactic rotation curves]] qualitatively reproduced in \hyperlink{Hopkins17}{Hopkins 17, Figure 4, Figure 5}

baryonic [[Tully-Fisher relation]] qualitatively reproduced in \hyperlink{ElBadry18}{El-Badry 18, Figure 4}

\begin{itemize}%
\item Daniel Angles-Alcazar, \emph{Multi-scale physical modeling in galaxy formation and evolution}, 2019 (\href{http://www.simonsfoundation.org/event/cca-seminar-daniel-angles-alcazar/}{web})

\end{itemize}
\hypertarget{other}{}\paragraph*{{Other}}\label{other}

\begin{itemize}%
\item \emph{The Quijote simulations} (\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.05273}{arXiv:1909.05273})


\item [[gevolution]] (for [[inhomogeneous cosmology]])



\end{itemize}
[[!redirects galaxy formation]]

[[!redirects cosmic structure formation]] [[!redirects cosmological structure formation]]

[[!redirects FIRE]] [[!redirects FIRE-2]]



\end{document}