# nLab locally internal category

References

A locally internal category is an analogue of a large but locally small category relative to an elementary topos, when that topos is thought of as generalizing the category of sets.

Given a topos $E$ and an object $X$ in $E$, one notices that the slice category $E/X$ is a symmetric monoidal category; hence we can consider categories enriched over $E/X$, i.e. $E/X$-categories.

A locally internal category $C$ over $E$ is given by

• an $E/X$-category $C_X$ for each object $X$ in $E$ (which is thought of as being $X$-indexed families of objects of $E$)
• for each morphism $f: X\to Y$ in $E$ an $E/X$-full embedding $\theta_f: f^* C_Y\to C_X$ such that $f\mapsto \theta_f$ is functorial up to coherent isomorphisms

In the stack semantics of $E$, a locally internal category “looks like” an ordinary locally small category.

Locally internal categories can also be identified with Grothendieck fibrations or indexed categories over $E$ which satisfy a certain “representability” or “comprehensibility” condition:

A Grothendieck fibration $p: C \to E$ is called locally small if, for every pair $A,B \in C$, there exists an object of $E_{pA \times pB}$, $(x,y) : I \to pA \times pB$, and a morphism $f: x^*A \to y^*B \in C_I$, which is terminal, in the sense that given another such datum $(J,z,w,g)$, there is a unique map $u: J \to I$ so that $xu = z, yu = w$, and the coherence isomorphisms identify $u^*f$ with $g$. (This is Elephant B.1.3.12).

An indexed category $E \to \operatorname{CAT}$ is called locally small if the associated fibration is locally small.

If we also take care of the appropriate morphisms have the following:

###### Remark

(1) The obvious forgetful functor from locally internal categories to $E$-indexed categories (equivalently, Grothendieck fibrations over $E$) is a fully faithful 2-functor. In particular, every indexed functor between locally internal categories is an enriched functor. Elephant, Proposition B2.2.2.

(2a) Let $S$ be a locally cartesian closed category, let $F:S\to S$ be an $S$-enriched functor whose underlying (ordinary) functor preserves pullbacks. Then $F$ extends to an $S$-indexed functor.

(2b) (Robert Pare) If this indexed functor preserves pullbacks (as an indexed functor) and if it induces the given enrichment, this extension is unique (up to a canonical isomorphism). Elephant B2.2.8.

Of course, $E$ does not have to be a topos. For the definition, it suffices for $E$ to have finite limits, although the notion is best-behaved when $E$ is locally cartesian closed (for instance, in that case the codomain fibration of $E$ is an example).

## References

• J. Penon, Categories localement internes, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 278 (1974) A1577-1580

• Locally internal categories, Appendix in: P. Johnstone, Topos theory, 1977

• Chapter B2.2 of Sketches of an Elephant

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