A morphism of schemes is an open immersion if the underlying morphism of topological spaces is a homeomorphism onto an open image and the comorphism is an isomorphism of sheaves when restricted to the image of . In other words, an open immersion is a morphism of schemes which decomposes uniquely into an isomorphism of schemes and the identity inclusion of an open subscheme.
Every open immersion of schemes is an étale morphism of schemes
(e.g. Stacks Project, lemma 28.37.9)
For a ring, a multiplicative subset, and the projection onto the localization at , then the formal dual map on spectra is an open immersion.
These are the standard opens that define the Zariski topology on algebraic varieties
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