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For a -algebra and an (abelian) group , the space of group morphisms with finite support
Take (i.e. the space containing just those morphisms which send only finitely many elements of a group, , as not labelling to a basis for a vector space over a field , ) then equipped that with the multiplication defined by convolution of the functions group is will called extend to give that vector space the structure of analgebra?group algebra of over . over With pointwise addition . This is usually an denoted associative . -algebra.
If Equivalently instead one can think of a field we used the ring multiplication of inthe integers, following way, it is usual to call the result the group ring. For this we take the free abelian group on the set of elements of the group and extend the multiplication to give a ring structure on the result. This is usually denoted .
As Take a further generalisation, the field elements can of be a replaced group, by any commutative ring., as labelling a module basis and define the multiplication of two elements by .
If is a ring one calls this construction also a group ring.
If The we notion denote of by group algebra is a special case of that of acategory algebra? , . the generator corresponding to, then an arbitrary element of can be written as where the are elements of , and only finitely many of them are non-zero.
Any group algebra is in particular a Hopf alebra? and a graded algebra?.
If we denote by , the generator corresponding to , then an arbitrary element of can be written as where the are elements of , and only finitely many of them are non-zero.
The multiplication is then by what is sometimes called a ‘convolution’ product, that is,
Thinking of a group?, , as a special sort of category?, the group algebra (denoted or ) of a group is just the category algebra? of that category.
There is an adjunction?
where forms group rings and assigns to an -algebra its group of units?.
Let be an abelian group. A morphism of rings of the group ring to the endomorphism ring of is a -module. And any morphism of groups can by extended to a morphism of rings by . This observation is used extensively in the theory of group representations?.
The group algebra is always a Hopf algebra?.
(Maschke’s theorem) Let be a finite group, let be a field.
Then is a semi-simple algebra? iff the order of is not divisible by the characteristic? of K.
The group algebra is always a graded algebra?.
Sometimes instead of working over a ground field? , one allows to be a commutative unital ring?. Then we talk about group ring (though it is in fact a commutative unital -algebra?). The integer group ring is the most important example, extensively used in the representation theory? of finite groups.