A geometric morphism is totally connected if
It is locally connected, i.e. its inverse image functor has a left adjoint which is -indexed, and
The functor is left exact, i.e. preserves finite limits.
When thinking of as a topos over via , we say that it is a totally connected -topos. In particular, when and is the unique global sections geometric morphism, we call a totally connected topos.
Of course, any totally connected geometric morphism is connected, since the terminal object is a particular finite limit. It is also strongly connected, since finite products are also finite limits.
A topos of sheaves on a topological space is totally connected iff has a dense point (a single point whose closure is all of ).
A presheaf topos is totally connected iff is cofiltered.
A small site is called totally connected if
is cofiltered, and
Every covering sieve in is connected, when regarded as a subcategory of a slice category.
The second condition implies that all constant presheaves are sheaves, and hence that the left adjoint of restricts to to give a left adjoint of . Cofilteredness of is exactly what is needed for left exactness of , essentially by definition. Hence the topos of sheaves on any totally connected site is totally connected.
Conversely, one can show that any totally connected topos can be (but need not be) presented by some totally connected site.
and
locally connected site / locally ∞-connected site
totally connected site / totally ∞-connected site
Chapter C3.6 in