In homology/homological algebra, a chain is an element of a chain complex.
Specifically for the complex computing the singular homology of a topological space, a singular chain is a formal linear combination of simplices in that space.
In de Rham cohomology, a de Rham chain? is a formal linear combination of parametrized submanifolds? with boundary.
In order theory, a chain is a totally ordered subset of a given poset (or proset). See also antichain
For applications of this concept see for instance
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