The following abstract nonsense is a bit tentative. See warning below.
Urs Schreiber: the more coherent picture seems to be that developing at
I think we should eventually make that the main page on homotopy and merge into it from the material here only what deserves being kept.
Ordinary homotopy is a way to probe objects in an (∞,1)-topos by mapping spheres into them:
the ordinary homotopy group of an object is the fiber over of the morphism
induced on , the homotopy category of an (infinity,1)-category associated to .
In this sense homotopy is the notion that is Eckmann-Hilton dual to cohomology.
For a detailed discussion see
This duality suggests that more generally we may be entitled to speak for and objects in of
as the homotopy of with co-coefficients in (or efficients in if you want to be funny).
Examples of such constructions exist, but are rarely thought of (or even recognized as) generalizations of the notion of homotopy. Rather, by the above duality, the same situation is usually regarded in the context of cohomology, which, still by the above duality, is just as well.
classes of special cases of homotopies with their own entries include (create page if you think it might work)