Bill Thurston was an American mathematician (Fields Medalist, 1982) who made important contributions to the theory of orbifolds, the theory of foliations, low-dimensional topology (especially in three dimensions), and to geometric group theory. He is perhaps best known for his geometrization conjecture (which was proved by Thurston in special cases, and by Richard Hamilton and Grigori Perelman in complete generality, and which in turn implies the Poincaré conjecture).
C. T. C. Wall, On the work of W Thurston, Proceedings of the International Congress of Mathematicians, Warsaw 1983 1 (Warsaw, 1984), 11-14. (pdf)
On foliations:
William Thurston: The theory of foliations of codimension greater than one, Comm. Math. Helv. 49 (1974) 214-231 [eudml:139581, doi:10.1007/BF02566730]
William Thurston: Existence of codimension-one foliations, Annals of Math. 104 (1976) 249-268 [jstor:1971047, doi:10.2307/1971047]
On 3-manifolds and their orbifolds (and introducing that terminology):
William Thurston: Three-dimensional geometry and topology, preliminary draft, University of Minnesota (1992) [1979: ark:/13960/t3714t34v, 1991: pdf, 2002: pdf, pdf]
the first three chapters of which are published in expanded form as:
William Thurston: The Geometry and Topology of Three-Manifolds, Princeton University Press (1997) [ISBN:9780691083049, Wikipedia page]
in particular orbifolds are discussed in chapter 13
William Thurston, Hyperbolic Structures on 3-manifolds, I: Deformation of acylindrical manifolds, Annals of Math, 124 (1986), 203–246 (jstor:1971277, arXiv:math/9801019)
William Thurston, Hyperbolic Structures on 3-manifolds, II: Surface groups and 3-manifolds which fiber over the circle (arXiv:math/9801045)
William Thurston, Three dimensional manifolds, Kleinian groups and hyperbolic geometry, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. (N.S.) Volume 6, Number 3 (1982), 357-381 (euclid.bams/1183548782)
On proof in mathematics
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