symmetric monoidal (∞,1)-category of spectra
A graded bimonoid is like a bimonoid but graded, as a graded monoid, with underlying graded object . We suppose in this entry, that the graduations are taken with indexes in . The multiplication, comultiplication, unit and counit are defined as morphisms which respect the grading.
Whereas we’re not sure if the notion of graded bimonoid under this form is new or not, the notion of special graded bimonoid below is certainly.
Under the conjecture of the page symmetric powers in a symmetric monoidal (Q plus)-linear category, bicommutative special graded bimonoids with trivial units are necessarily given by the symmetric powers of the object .
A graded bimonoid in a CMon-enriched symmetric monoidal category is given by a family of objects, a family of morphisms, a family of morphisms, a morphism and a morphism which verify some coherences (often, we don’t write the indexes under or ):
If are such that ( must be read as in the string diagrams):
We say that a graded bimonoid is bicommutative if the underlying graded monoid is commutative and the underlying graded comonoid is cocommutative.
We say that a graded bimonoid has trivial units if:
Under the conjecture of the page symmetric powers in a symmetric monoidal (Q plus)-linear category, we have:
Suppose that is a symmetric monoidal -linear category. If is the underlying graded object of a special bicommutative graded bimonoid with trivial units, then each is a symmetric power of .
Note that for a special bicommutative graded bimonoids, the condition of trivial units is equivalent to:
Of course, if our category possesses the symmetric powers of an object, we also generate a special bicommutative graded bimonoid with trivial units by taking . Let’s see how it works in a concrete case. Suppose that is a field of characteristic . Take a vector space of basis . Then , the space of homogeneous polynomials of degree in the variables . The unit and the multiplication are straightforward as well as the counit . The comultiplication
is defined by:
The intuition is that it takes a monomial of degree , decomposes it in all the possible decompositions of a monomial of degree and a monomial of degree and then sum all the possibilites (however, the result is obtained by considering the different instances of a variable in a monomial as different entities). For example:
and
The number of decomposition of a monomial of degree in one part of degree and one part of degree is equal to the number of choice of of the variables in the monomial amongst the which appear, thus . When we recompose the two part of the decomposition together, we find each time the same compositie that we had at the beginning. Thus, the result of the decomposition followed by the recomposition is nothing more than a multiplication by the scalar .
The comultiplication can be expressed using the Hasse-Schmidt derivative. As explained in the referred entry, for any commutative rig , given a monomial and a monic monomial , equivalently a multiset of variables in , the Hasse-Schmidt derivative is the number of way of extracting from , multiplied by . If there is no way of extracting , ie. if isn’t a divisor of , then . The comultiplication can thus be expressed without using any rational coefficient, ie. without assuming that is a field of characteristic , or more generally a -algebra. It is then expressed in this way, for any (writing for the set of all multisets of elements in ):
Unpacking the definition of the Hasse-Schmidt derivative, it is defined on a monomial by:
and then prolongated by linearity:
in order to define it for every homogeneous polynomial. If this formula looks more intimidating that the one defined by a sum on in characteristic , it is in fact nothing more than a precise formula to express the fact that for a monomial of degree , is the sum of all the decompositions of in one part of degree and one part of degree . Such a combinatorial description have the virtue of not requiring some divisions which are forbidden in positive characteristic.
With the above notations, if we have a graded bimonoid, then is a bimonoid.
Suppose that our CMon-enriched symmetric monoidal category possesses a zero object such that for every object . We can then associate a graded bimonoid to every bimonoid by putting:
symmetric powers in a symmetric monoidal (Q plus)-linear category
Last revised on August 16, 2022 at 17:54:51. See the history of this page for a list of all contributions to it.