theory (physics), model (physics)
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Seiberg-Witten theory studies the moduli space of vacua in N=2 D=4 super Yang-Mills theory, in particular the electric-magnetic duality (Montonen-Olive duality) of the theory.
For more and for general references see at N=2 D=4 super Yang-Mills theory.
The original article is
Reviews include
Jürgen Eihhorn, Thomas Friedrich, Seiberg-Witten theory (pdf)
Simon Donaldson, The Seiberg-Witten equations and 4-manifold topology (pdf)
Matilde Marcolli, Seiberg-Witten gauge theory, pdf
A useful discussion of the physical origins of the Seiberg-Witten equations for mathematicians is in