nLab hyperconnected geometric morphism

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Hyperconnected geometric morphisms

Context

Topos Theory

topos theory

Background

Toposes

Internal Logic

Topos morphisms

Extra stuff, structure, properties

Cohomology and homotopy

In higher category theory

Theorems

Hyperconnected geometric morphisms

Idea

A geometric morphism is hyperconnected if it is (left) orthogonal to a localic geometric morphism.

In particular, a hyperconnected topos is a topos that is “as far from being a localic topos as possible”. In view of the fact that a topos is a generalized space, while a localic topos is an ordinary topological space/locale, regarded as a topos, this means that hyperconnected toposes are the “purely-generalized generalized spaces”.

Definition

Definition

A geometric morphism f:EFf\colon E\to F between toposes is called hyperconnected if the inverse image functor f *:FEf^*\colon F\to E

  1. is a full and faithful functor

  2. its image is closed under subquotients in EE.

This appears (Johnstone, p. 225).

Examples

Properties

Observation

Any hyperconnected geometric morphism is connected,

So the name is not unreasonable.

Proposition

Hyperconnected geometric morphisms are the left class of a 2-categorical orthogonal factorization system on the 2-category of toposes; the right class is the class of localic geometric morphisms.

((hyperconnected,localic) factorization system).

See (Johnstone).

Remark

In particular, a geometric morphism can only be both hyperconnected and localic if it is an equivalence. Therefore, if we view topoi as generalized topological spaces (or locales), the world of hyperconnected topoi and geometric morphisms lives entirely in the “generalized” part.

This is further amplified by the following proposition. Recall that the inclusion Sh():LocaleLocToposSh(-) : Locale \simeq LocTopos \hookrightarrow Topos is reflective: it has a left adjoint: the localic reflection

(LSh()):LocaleLTopos. (L \dashv Sh(-)) : Locale \stackrel{\overset{L}{\leftarrow}}{\hookrightarrow} Topos \,.
Proposition

Hyperconnected toposes \mathcal{E} are precisely those whose localic reflection is the point: LSh(*)SetL\mathcal{E} \simeq Sh(*) \simeq Set.

Proof

Suppose Γ:Set\Gamma : \mathcal{E} \to Set is hyperconnected. Let XX be a locale and Sh(X)\mathcal{E} \to Sh(X) a geometric morphism. Notice that this sits in an essentially unique diagram

Sh(X) Set = Set \array{ \mathcal{E} &\to& Sh(X) \\ \downarrow && \downarrow \\ Set &\stackrel{=}{\to}& Set }

in Topos, where the vertical morphisms are the essentially unique global section geometric morphisms (we notationally suppress 2-isomorophisms).

By the above proposition there is an essentially unique geometric morphism p:SetSh(X)p : Set \to Sh(X) fitting into this diagram

Sh(X) p Set = Set. \array{ \mathcal{E} &\to& Sh(X) \\ \downarrow &\nearrow_{\mathrlap{p}}& \downarrow \\ Set &\stackrel{=}{\to}& Set } \,.

This establishes the natural equivalence

Topos(,Sh(X))LocTopos(Set,Sh(X))Locale(*,X) Topos(\mathcal{E}, Sh(X)) \simeq LocTopos(Set, Sh(X)) \simeq Locale(*, X)

and hence identifies the point as the localic reflection of \mathcal{E}.

Conversely, suppose that \mathcal{E} has as localic reflection the point. The unit of the (LSh())(L \dashv Sh(-))-adjunction – the reflectorSet\mathcal{E} \to Set is by essential uniqueness the global section geometric morphism.

Let then

𝒮 Set f 𝒯 \array{ \mathcal{E} &\to& \mathcal{S} \\ \downarrow && \downarrow \\ Set &\stackrel{f}{\to}& \mathcal{T} }

be a lifting problem, with the right morphism a localic geometric morphism. Since these are preserved by pullback in Topos, this is equivalently a diagram

Sh(X)f *𝒮 𝒮 Set = Set f 𝒯. \array{ \mathcal{E} &\to& Sh(X) \simeq f^* \mathcal{S} &\to& \mathcal{S} \\ \downarrow && \downarrow && \downarrow \\ Set &\stackrel{=}{\to}& Set &\stackrel{f}{\to}& \mathcal{T} } \,.

Since this exhibits f *𝒮f^* \mathcal{S} as a localic topos Sh(X)Sh(X) for some locale XX, we have by the universal property of the adjunction unit an essentially unique lift pp in the left square

Sh(X)f *𝒮 𝒮 p Set=Sh(L()) = Set f 𝒯. \array{ \mathcal{E} &\to& Sh(X) \simeq f^* \mathcal{S} &\to& \mathcal{S} \\ \downarrow &\nearrow_{\mathrlap{p}}& \downarrow && \downarrow \\ Set = Sh(L(\mathcal{E})) &\stackrel{=}{\to}& Set &\stackrel{f}{\to}& \mathcal{T} } \,.

By the universal property of the pullback, this is then also an essentially unique solution to the original lifting problem.

References

Last revised on January 23, 2020 at 20:16:43. See the history of this page for a list of all contributions to it.