nLab coimage

Coimages

Context

Category theory

Limits and colimits


Coimages

Idea

The coimage of a morphism is the notion dual to its image.

Under certain conditions (the codomain of) the coimage coincides with (the domain of) the image, and even if not, often the coimage is what one calls (or wants to think of as) the image. The two notions tend to go hand in hand, with the coimage being an epi and the image being a mono in some (epi, mono) factorization. For more of the general theory see image.

Definition

The coimage of a morphism f:cdf : c \to d in a category CC is the image of the corresponding morphism in the opposite category C opC^{op}.

In terms of colimits

If CC has finite limits and colimits, then the coimage of a morphism f:cdf : c \to d is the coequalizer of its kernel pair:

coimfcolim(c× dcc), coim f \simeq colim ( c \times_d c \stackrel{\to}{\to} c) \,,

This is isomorphic to the pushout c c× dccc \sqcup_{c\times_d c} c

coimfc c× dcc. coim f \simeq c \sqcup_{c\times_d c} c \,.

So in

c× dc c f coimf f c f d \array{ c \times_d c &&\to&& c \\ &&& \swarrow \\ \downarrow^f && coim f && \downarrow^f \\ & \nearrow && \searrow \\ c && \stackrel{f}{\to} && d }

the outer square is a pullback square while the inner is a pushout.

Notice that being a coequalizer, the morphism

ccoimf c \to coim f

is an epimorphism and in fact a regular epimorphism.

In an (,1)(\infty,1)-category

In an (∞,1)-category CC with (∞,1)-limits and -colimits, the colimit-definition of coimages generalizes as follows:

for f:cdf : c \to d a morphism in CC, let

C(f)=(c× dcc) C(f) = \left( \cdots \stackrel{\to}{\stackrel{\to}{\to}} c \times_d c \stackrel{\to}{\to} c \right)

be the Cech nerve of ff. This is the groupoid object in an (∞,1)-category that resolves the kernel pair equivalence relation: where c× dcc \times_d \stackrel{\to}{\to} c is the relation that makes two generalized elements of cc equal if their image in dd is equal, the full Cech nerve is the internal ∞-groupoid where there is just an equivalence between such two elements.

The Cech nerve is a simplicial diagram

C(f):Δ opC C(f) : \Delta^{op} \to C

The coimage of ff is the (∞,1)-colimit over this diagram

coim(f):=lim (c× dcc) coim(f) := \lim_\to \left( \cdots \stackrel{\to}{\stackrel{\to}{\to}} c \times_d c \stackrel{\to}{\to} c \right)

See also at infinity-image – As the ∞-colimit of the kernel ∞-groupoid.

Properties

  • Morphisms for which image and coimage coincide (in a certain sense) are strict morphisms.

Examples

For (,1)(\infty,1)-coimages

Let GG be a group. In the (∞,1)-category C=C = ∞-Grpd we have GG as a 0-truncated ∞-group object as well as its delooping BG\mathbf{B}G, which is the one-object groupoid with GG as its morphisms.

Then: the coimage of the point inclusion f:*BGf : * \to \mathbf{B}G is BG\mathbf{B}G itself.

Because the homotopy-Cech nerve of the point inclusion is the usual simplicial incarnation of GG

C(f)=(G×GG*) C(f) = \left( \cdots G \times G \stackrel{\to}{\stackrel{\to}{\to}} G \stackrel{\to}{\to} * \right)

now regarded as a simplicial object in ∞Grpd. Its homotopy colimit is again BG\mathbf{B}G. This follows for instance abstractly from the fact that ∞Grpd is an (∞,1)-topos and therefore satisfies Giraud's axioms, which say that every groupoid object in an (∞,1)-category is effective in an (∞,1)-topos.

Last revised on May 28, 2024 at 20:43:21. See the history of this page for a list of all contributions to it.