nLab dual superconductor model -- references

Dual superconductor model of confinement

General

The original proposal of the dual superconductor model of color confinement:

• Stanley Mandelstam: Vortices and quark confinement in non-abelian gauge theories, Physics Letters B 53 5 (1975) 476–478 [doi:10.1016/0370-2693(75)90221-X]

• Gerard ’t Hooft; p 4-5 in: Gauge Fields with Unified Weak, Electromagnetic, and Strong Interactions, Rapporteur’s talk at E.P.S. International Conference on High Energy Physics, Palermo, Sicily (June 1975) [spire:2781, pdf, pdf]

• Gerard ’t Hooft: On the phase transition towards permanent quark confinement, Nuclear Physics B 138 1 (1978) 1–25 [doi:10.1016/0550-3213(78)90153-0]

Further discussion:

• L. Del Debbio, M. Faber, Jeff Greensite, S. Olejnik: Some Cautionary Remarks on Abelian Projection and Abelian Dominance, Nucl. Phys. Proc. Suppl. 53 (1997) 141–147 [doi:10.1016/S0920-5632(96)00608-1, arXiv:hep-lat/9607053]

• Y. M. Cho: Dimensional Transmutation by Monopole Condensation in QCD, Phys. Rev. D. 87 (2013) 085025 [doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.87.085025, arXiv:1206.6936]

Review:

• Thomas Schaefer, Edward Shuryak, section III D of: Instantons in QCD, Rev. Mod. Phys. 70 (1998) 323–426 [doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.70.323, arXiv:hep-ph/9610451]

• Adriano Di Giacomo: Confinement of Color by Dual Superconductivity, Acta Physica Polonica B 28 12 (1997)

• Jeff Greensite: The Confinement Problem in Lattice Gauge Theory, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 51 (2003) 1 [doi:10.1016/S0146-6410(03)90012-3, arXiv:hep-lat/0301023]

• Adriano Di Giacomo: Confinement of Color: Recent Progress [arXiv:hep-lat/0310021]

• Georges Ripka: Dual superconductor models of color confinement, Lecture Notes in Physics 639, Springer (2004) [doi:10.1007/b94800, arXiv:hep-ph/0310102]

• Adriano Di Giacomo: A Strategy to Study Confinement in QCD, Braz. J. Phys. 37 (2007) 208–213 [arXiv:hep-lat/0610027]

• Adriano Di Giacomo: Confinement by dual superconductivity: an update (2001) [pdf]

• Adriano Di Giacomo: The Dual Superconductor Picture for Confinement, in: Confinement, Duality, and Non-Perturbative Aspects of QCD, NATO Science Series: B 368, Springer (2002) 415–437 [doi:10.1007/0-306-47056-X_15]

• Maxim Chernodub: QCD Vacuum as Dual Superconductor: Quark Confinement and Topology, Handbook of Nuclear Physics, Springer (2023) [doi:10.1007/978-981-19-6345-2_23]

In lattice gauge theory

On the dual superconductor model of confinement in view of lattice QCD computations/simulations:

• Michael E. Peskin: Mandelstam ‘t Hooft Duality in Abelian Lattice Models, Annals Phys. 113 (1978) 122 [doi:10.1016/0003-4916(78)90252-X]

• Paolo Cea, Leonardo Cosmai: Lattice investigation of dual superconductor mechanism of confinement, Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 30 (1993) 572–575 [doi:10.1016/0920-5632(93)90276-C]

• Paolo Cea, Leonardo Cosmai: Dual Superconductor Mechanism of Confinement on the Lattice, Nuov Cim A 107 (1994) 541547 [doi:10.1007/BF02768788, arXiv:hep-lat/9210030]

• Paolo Cea, Leonardo Cosmai: The $SU(2)$ Confining Vacuum as a Dual Superconductor, Nucl. Phys. Proc. Suppl. 47 (1996) 318–321 [doi:10.1016/0920-5632(96)00065-5, arXiv:hep-lat/9509007]

• Hideo Suganuma, Naoyuki Sakumichi: Perfect Abelian dominance of confinement in quark-antiquark potential in $SU(3)$ lattice QCD [arXiv:1412.8489]

• Hideo Suganuma, Naoyuki Sakumichi: The three-quark potential and perfect Abelian dominance in $SU(3)$ lattice QCD, PoS LATTICE2015 (2016) 323 [arXiv:1511.05244 hep-lat]

• Paolo Cea, Leonardo Cosmai, Francesca Cuteri, Alessandro Papa: Flux tubes in the QCD vacuum, Phys. Rev. D 95 (2017) 114511 [doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.95.114511, arXiv:1702.06437 hep-lat]

• Hideo Suganuma, Naoyuki Sakumichi: Monopole Dominance of Confinement in $SU(3)$ Lattice QCD, PoS 336 267 (2018) [arXiv:1812.06827 hep-lat, pos:336/267, pdf]

• Zeinab Dehghan, Manfried Faber: What do we know about the confinement mechanism?, Phys. Part. Nuclei 56 (2025) 1148–1154 [doi:10.1134/S1063779625700236, arXiv:2412.10767 hep-lat]

In super-Yang-Mills theory

The dual superconductor model of confinement becomes analytically exact in $\mathcal{N}-2$ $D=4$ super Yang-Mills theory (cf. Seiberg-Witten theory) when broken to $\mathcal{N}=1$:

• Nathan Seiberg, Edward Witten: Monopole Condensation, And Confinement in $\mathcal{N}=2$ Supersymmetric Yang-Mills Theory, Nucl. Phys. B 426 (1994) 19–52 Erratum-ibid. B 430 (1994) 485-0486 [doi:10.1016/0550-3213(94)90124-4, arXiv:hep-th/9407087]

• Nathan Seiberg, Edward Witten: Monopoles, Duality and Chiral Symmetry Breaking in $\mathcal{N}=2$ Supersymmetric QCD, Nucl. Phys. B 431 (1994) 484–550 [doi:10.1016/0550-3213(94)90214-3, arXiv:hep-th/9408099]

Reviews with discussion of the impact on confinement in plain YM:

• Alexei Yung: What Do We Learn about Confinement from the Seiberg-Witten Theory, 3rd Moscow School of Physics and 28th ITEP Winter School of Physics [spire:527017,arXiv:hep-th/0005088]

• Michael Dine: On the Possibility of Demonstrating Confinement in Non-Supersymmetric Theories by Deforming Confining Supersymmetric Theories [arXiv:2211.17134]

In solid state physics

On experimentally accessible analogs of the dual superconductor model of confinement in solid state physics:

• M. Cristina Diamantini, Carlo A. Trugenberger, Valeri M. Vinokur: Confinement and Asymptotic Freedom with Cooper pairs, Nature Comm. Phys. 1 77 (2018) [doi:10.1038/s42005-018-0073-9, arXiv:1807.01984]

• M. Cristina Diamantini, Carlo A. Trugenberger: Superinsulators: a toy realization of QCD in condensed matter, Ch. 23 in Roman Jackiw – 80th Birthday Festschrift, World Scientific (2020) 275-286 [arXiv:2008.12541]

Review:

• Carlo A. Trugenberger: Superinsulators, Bose Metals and High-$T_c$ Superconductors: The Quantum Physics of Emergent Magnetic Monopoles, World Scientific (2022) [doi:10.1142/12688]

• Carlo A. Trugenberger: Superinsulation: Magnetic Monopoles and Electric Confinement in Condensed Matter, talk at CQTS (Feb 2025) [slides:pdf]