A locally closed subtopos generalizes the concept of a locally closed subspace from topology to toposes.
A subtopos is called locally closed if it is the meet of an open subtopos and a closed subtopos in the lattice of subtoposes of .
Since is closed as well as open in itself, its closed and open subtoposes are trivially locally closed.
Since open and closed subtoposes are complemented in the lattice of subtoposes, the join of the complements provides a complement for a locally closed subtopos .
is locally closed iff can be factored into an open followed by a closed inclusion.
A locally closed subtopos of an exponentiable topos is itself exponentiable (cf. Johnstone (2002, p.749)).
A way to realize a topos as a locally closed subtoposes is by repeated Artin gluing to appropriate left exact functors and . Then is open in which itself is closed in whence by the above remark on factorisations is locally closed.
Locally closed subspaces of topological spaces yield locally closed subtoposes of the corresponding sheaf topos e.g. let be the space on with non-trivial open subsets , . Then as the intersection of with the closed subset is a locally closed subset to which a neither closed nor open but locally closed copy of corresponds in the lattice of subtoposes of .
Bunge and Niefield (2000) consider general notions of locally closed subcategory and locally closed geometric morphism.
M. Artin, A. Grothendieck, J. L. Verdier, Théorie des Topos et Cohomologie Etale des Schémas (SGA4), LNM 269 Springer Heidelberg 1972. (Exposé IV, ex.9.4.9., pp.462-463)
M. Bunge, S. Niefield, Exponentiability and single universes , JPAA 148 (2000) pp.217-250.
Peter Johnstone, Conditions Related to de Morgan’s Law , pp.479-491 in LNM 753 Springer Heidelberg 1979.
Peter Johnstone, Sketches of an Elephant vol. 2 , Cambridge UP 2002.
A. Kock, T. Plewe, Glueing analysis for complemented subtoposes , TAC 2 (1996) pp.100-112. (pdf)
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