Contents

### Context

#### Higher algebra

higher algebra

universal algebra

# Contents

## Definition

A monad $(T,\mu,i)$ on the category Set of sets, is finitary (also called algebraic, although some people consider any monad to be an algebraic notion) if the underlying endofunctor $T:\mathrm{Set}\to\mathrm{Set}$ commutes with filtered colimits.

In other words, an algebraic monad is a monoid in the category of algebraic endofunctors on $\mathrm{Set}$.

## Properties

A finitary monad $(T,\mu,i)$ is completely determined by its value on all finite ordinals $n\in\mathbb{N}_0$ considered as standard finite sets. $T(n)$ is then the set of $n$-ary operations. The notion of algebraic monad is hence similar to the notion of a nonsymmetric operad in $\mathrm{Set}$, but it is not equivalent, because of the possibility of duplicating or discarding inputs.

More precisely, each finitary monad $T$ defines a Lawvere theory $Th_T$, namely $Th_T = Free_{fin}^{op}$ where $Free_{fin}$ is the category of free algebras $T(n)$ on finite sets (as a full subcategory of $Alg_T$). In fact, the two notions are equivalent: the assignment

$T \mapsto Th_T$

defines an equivalence between the category of finitary monads on $Set$ and the category of Lawvere theories. Moreover, the category of $T$-algebras is equivalent to the category of models of $Th_T$. However, a technical advantage of Lawvere theories is that they can be interpreted in categories other than Set: a model of a Lawvere theory $\mathcal{T}$ in a category with cartesian products $C$ is just a product-preserving functor $\mathcal{T} \to C$.

## Applications

There is an interesting commutativity condition singling out the subclass of commutative algebraic/finitary monads, cf. commutative algebraic theory; they are useful to establish a theory of generalized commutative schemes.

## References

For a proof of the equivalence between finitary monads and Lawvere theories, see

Durov’s application of finitary monads to the “field with one element” may be found in…

## Discussion

This discussion appeared when the page was at algebraic monad.

Mike: Does anyone besides Durov use this terminology? In category theory these already have two standard names: “finitary monads” and “(Lawvere) theories.”

Zoran Škoda Lawvere theories are equivalent to algebraic monads, but not in standard exposition literally a type of monad, but one says algebraic monad when one really talks about a condition on monads. Algebraic monad is just a monoid in the category of algebraic endofunctors. Lawvere and others studied few variants of notion of algebraic functor, but in all of them algebraic functor commutes with filtered colimits, isn’t it ? I heard the term certainly in a number of algebra talks before Nikolai Durov‘s thesis (I can say some names but I may misremeber sources). Definitely the term is getting much more influential after the Durov’s work, and reused by algebraic geometers now. He is quite familiar with Lawvere’s work so I hope the related expression “algebraic endofunctor” is not chosen incompatibly. Also there is some parallel with terminology cartesian monad. But what do you think ?

In any case, one should also list term finitary monad, both synonyms should be listed.

Toby: Whether these are ‘algebraic’ or ‘finitary’ (I'd be more inclined to the latter, but not through any familiarity with the literature), they're not obviously the same as Lawvere theories. I've tried to indicate the connection, although (vague as my statement is) I'm not even sure that it's correct!