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A functor is monadic iff it has a left adjoint such that – under the relation between adjunctions and monads – the adjunction is that induced by the monad which it induces – in which case it is called a monadic adjunction.
In this situation is identified with the forgetful functor from the Eilenberg-Moore category of the monad on , and hence shares the properties of these forgetful functors.
The monadicity theorem characterizes monadic functors and makes these ‘nice properties’ precise.
Monadic functors are sometimes called functors of effective descent (type). See the page on monadic descent for more on this aspect.
Given a pair of adjoint functors , , with unit and counit , one constructs a monad setting , .
Consider the Eilenberg-Moore category of -algebras (-modules) in . Clearly is a -action. In fact there is a canonical comparison functor given on objects by . We then say that we have a (resp. strictly) monadic adjunction iff is an equivalence (resp. isomorphism) of categories.
(monadic functor)
A functor is monadic (resp. strictly monadic) if it has a left adjoint and the comparison functor is an equivalence of categories (resp. an isomorphism of strict categories).
In other words, up to equivalence, monadic functors are precisely the forgetful functors defined on Eilenberg-Moore categories for monads, and strictly monadic functors are the same as these forgetful functors up to isomorphism of strict categories.
A category is called monadic over a category if there is any functor which is monadic (Def. ).
Every monadic functor is
faithful (by the definition of Eilenberg-Moore category)
Moreover:
Beware that the class of monadic functors is not generally closed under composition.
For a specific counter-example: the category of reflexive graphs is monadic over Set via the functor sending a graph to its set of edges, and the category of categories is monadic over reflexive graphs via the forgetful functor , but is not monadic over (via any functor whatsoever, since monadic categories over Set are regular categories which Cat is not).
This is an instance of a general phenomenon: Let be a reflective subcategory of a presheaf category (e.g. any locally presentable category is of this form). Then the adjunction between and is monadic, and the adjunction between and is also monadic. But the composite adjunction between and is often not monadic. For instance, if it is monadic, then must be a Barr-exact category.
Monadic functors have the following cancellation property:
Consider a pair of adjunctions: If here is monadic, then is of descent type and the comparison functor has a left adjoint. If is furthermore conservative (and in particular if it is monadic), then is monadic.
This is Propositions 4 and 5 of Bourn.
A monadic functor is strictly monadic if and only if it is also an amnestic isofibration.
Clearly, a strictly monadic functor is an amnestic isofibration; and if a monadic functor is amnestic, then the comparison functor is also amnestic, and if is a monadic isofibration, so is ; therefore in this case must be an isomorphism of categories.
Various versions of Beck’s monadicity theorem (also: “tripleability theorem” in older literature) give sufficient, and sometimes necessary, conditions for a given functor to be monadic. There are also dual, comonadic versions.
Monadic functors to the category Set have additional properties. For example:
Every monadic functor is a solid functor.
A category is monadic over (i.e. it admits a monadic functor to ) if and only if is Barr exact, cocomplete, and has a projective generator.
[Vitale (1994)]
Every reflective subcategory-inclusion is a monadic functor. See also there.
A proof is spelled out for instance in Borceux 1994, vol 2, cor. 4.2.4. A formal proof in cubical Agda is given in 1Lab. See also at idempotent monad – Properties – Algebras for an idempotent monad and localization.
Saunders Mac Lane, Section VI in: Categories for the Working Mathematician, Graduate Texts in Mathematics 5 Springer (1971, second ed. 1997) [doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-4721-8]
Francis Borceux, Def. 4.4.1 in: Handbook of Categorical Algebra, Vol. 2: Categories and Structures, Encyclopedia of Mathematics and its Applications 50 Cambridge University Press (1994) [doi:10.1017/CBO9780511525865]
Emily Riehl, §5.3 in: Category Theory in Context, Dover Publications (2017) [pdf]
Dominique Bourn. Low dimensional geometry of the notion of choice. Category Theory 1991, CMS Conf. Proc. Vol. 13. 1992.
Enrico Vitale, On the characterization of monadic categories over , Cahiers de topologie et géométrie différentielle catégoriques 35 4 (1994) 351-358. [numdam:CTGDC_1994__35_4_351_0, pdf]
Last revised on April 2, 2024 at 06:54:12. See the history of this page for a list of all contributions to it.