nLab Hopf monad

Idea

One can consider various compatibilities between a (co)monad on a monoidal category and the underlying monoidal product; they are variants of the idea of a distributive law. Similarly, one can look at a compatibility between an action of a monoidal category and a (co)monad on the same category. A Hopf monad satisfies conditions analogous to that of a Hopf monoid (Bruguières 06).

Definitions

Warning: more than one notion comes up with the names of bimonad and Hopf monad; there are also related notions of monoidal monad and opmonoidal monad as well of a strong monad.

Monoidal monads…

A monoidal monad on a monoidal category is a monad whose underlying endofunctor is a lax monoidal functor and such that the unit and multiplication are monoidal natural transformations. Consequently, the Kleisli category of a monoidal monad has a canonical monoidal structure such that the forgetful functor is strict monoidal.

(…)

Opmonoidal monads with invertible fusion

An opmonoidal monad on a monoidal category is a monad whose underlying endofunctor is a colax monoidal functor, and such that the unit and multiplication are monoidal natural transformations. An opmonoidal monad is also called a bimonad.

For an opmonoidal monad $T$, one can define the left fusion operator to be the natural transformation

$$T(X\otimes T Y) \to T X \otimes T^2 Y \to T X \otimes T Y$$

of the opmonoidal constraint of $T$ and its monad multiplication. Similarly, we have the right fusion operator

$$T(T X\otimes Y) \to T^2 X \otimes T Y \to T X \otimes T Y$$

The fusion operators satisfy certain axioms. In fact, an opmonoidal monad structure on $T$ is uniquely determined by a fusion operator (of either sort) along with the monad unit $Id\to T$ and the opmonoidal unit constraint $T I \to I$, satisfying appropriate axioms.

An opmonoidal monad is called a Hopf monad if both of its fusion operators are invertible. More generally we have left and right Hopf monads where only one fusion operator is invertible. This definition is in Bruguières-Lack-Virelizier.

Distributing monad and comonad structures

Alternatively, one might be tempted to define a Hopf monad to be a Hopf monoid in the monoidal category of endofunctors, but that monoidal category is not symmetric or even braided or duoidal, so this doesn’t make sense. However, we can instead ask for a “local” braiding in the form of a mixed distributive law.

Thus, we might define a bimonad to be an endofunctor $H$ equipped with the structure of both a monad and a comonad, along with a distributive law $\lambda: H H \to H H$ satisfying suitable axioms analogous to those of a bimonoid. A bimonad in this sense is a Hopf monad if it has an antipode $s:H\to H$ making the same diagrams commute as for a Hopf monoid. This definition is in Mesablishvili-Wisbauer.

Examples

• If $H$ is a bimonoid in a braided monoidal category, then the monad $T_H X =H\otimes X$ (whose algebras are $H$-modules) is opmonoidal, with constraints induced by the comultiplication and counit of $H$. If $H$ is moreover a Hopf monoid, then $T_H$ is a (Bruguières-Lack-Virelizier) Hopf monad.

• In fact, if $H$ is a bimonoid as before, then $T_H$ is also a bimonad in the sense of Mesablishvili-Wisbauer, with monad and comonad structures induced by the monoid and comonoid structures of $H$. Moreover, if $H$ is a Hopf monoid, then $T_H$ is a Hopf monad in their sense as well.

Properties

If $T$ is a (Bruguières-Lack-Virelizier) Hopf monad on a closed monoidal category, then its category of algebras is also closed and the monadic forgetful functor preserves internal-homs.

Related concepts

• Hopf adjunction

• Hopf algebra

• Hopf monoid

• Hopf monoidal category

• Frobenius monad

References

• Alain Bruguières, Alexis Virelizier, Hopf monads, Advances in Mathematics 215 2 (2007) 679-733 [doi:10.1016/j.aim.2007.04.011, arXiv:math/0604180]

• Masahito Hasegawa and Jean-Simon Pacaud Lemay, Hopf Monads on Biproducts, Theory and Applications of Categories 39 28 (2023) 804-823 [tac:3928]

Monograph:

• Gabriella Böhm, Hopf algebras and their generalizations from a category theoretical point of view, Lecture Notes in Math. 2226, Springer 2018, doi

See also:

• Wikipedia. Opmonoidal monad

• Kornél Szlachányi, The monoidal Eilenberg-Moore construction and bialgebroids, J. Pure Appl. Algebra 182, no. 2–3 (2003) 287–315

• R. Wisbauer, Bimonads and Hopf monads on categories, pdf

• Bachuki Mesablishvili, Robert Wisbauer, Notes on bimonads and Hopf monads, Theory Appl. Cat. 26:10, 2012, 281-303, abs pdf arxiv/1010.3628

• D. Chikhladze, S. Lack, R. Street, Hopf monoidal comonads, Theory and Appl. of Cat. 24 (2010) No. 19, 554-563.tac

• A. Bruguières, Hopf monads, math.QA/0604180;

  • Hopf monads: an introduction, an exposè, pdf;

  • Hopf monads, tensor categories and quantum invariants, an exposè, pdf;

  • Galois-Grothendieck duality, Tannaka duality and Hopf (co)monads. talk at workshop “Hopf algebras and tensor categories”, University of Almería, July 4-8, 2011, pdf

• Group = Hopf algebra, blog discussion, sbseminar

• Marek Zawadowski, The formal theory of monoidal monads, arxiv/1012.0547

• M. Zawadowski, coMalcev monads, slides from a talk, pdf

• Ieke Moerdijk, Monads on tensor categories, J. Pure. Appl. Alg. 168, 2-3, (2002), 189-208, doi

• Gabriella Böhm, Stephen Lack, Ross Street, Weak bimonads and weak Hopf monads, J. Alg. 328, n. 1, Feb 2011, 1-30, doi, arxiv/1002.4493

G. Böhm, Weak bimonads and weak Hopf monads, conference slides, 2010, pdf

• Simon Willerton, A diagrammatic approach to Hopf monads, arxiv/0807.0658

• K. Dosen, Z. Petric, Coherence for monoidal monads and comonads, arxiv/0907.2199

• Anders Kock, Strong functors and monoidal monads, pdf, Archiv der Math. 23: 113–120, (1972) doi; Monads on symmetric monoidal categories, pdf

• B. J. Day, Note on monoidal monads, J. Austral. Math. Soc. A 23, 292-311 (1977) pdf

• Alain Bruguières, Sonia Natale, Exact sequences of tensor categories, arXiv:math.QA/1006.0569 (generalizes Schneider’s work on exact sequences of Hopf algebras; uses Hopf monads)

Weak bimonad version

• Gabriella Böhm, Stephen Lack, Ross Street, Weak bimonads and weak Hopf monads, J. Algebra 328 (2011), 1-30, arXiv:1002.4493