symmetric monoidal (∞,1)-category of spectra
Given a monad on some category , then its Kleisli category is the full subcategory of the Eilenberg-Moore category of , hence the category of T-algebras, on those that are free T-algebras (free -modules).
Explicitly one may describe the Kleisli category of to have as objects the objects of , and a morphism in the Kleisli category is a morphism in of the form in . The monad structure induces a natural composition of such “-shifted” morphisms.
The Kleisli category is also characterized by the following universal property:
Since every adjunction gives rise to a monad on the domain of its left adjoint, we might ask if every monad may be construed as arising from an adjunction. This is in fact true, and the initial such adjunction in the category of adjunctions for the given monad has the Kleisli category as the codomain of its left adjoint.
Let be a monad in Cat, where is an endofunctor with multiplication and unit .
A free -algebra over a monad (or free -module) is a -algebra (module) of the form , where the action is the component of multiplication transformation .
The Kleisli category of the monad is the subcategory of the Eilenberg-Moore category on the free -algebras.
If is the forgetful functor and is the free algebra functor , then the Kleisli category is simply the full subcategory of containing those objects in the image of .
As another way of looking at this, we can keep the same objects as in but redefine the morphisms. This was the original Kleisli construction:
The Kleisli category has as objects the objects of , and as morphisms the elements of the hom-set , in other words morphisms of the form in , called Kleisli morphisms.
Composition is given by the Kleisli composition rule (as in the Grothendieck construction (here )).
More explicitly, this means that the Kleisli-composite of with is the morphism
The equivalence between both presentations amounts to the functor being full and faithful. This functor maps any object to , and any morphism to .
Fullness holds because any morphism of algebras has as antecedent the composite . Indeed, the latter is mapped by the functor into , which because is a morphism of algebras is equal to , i.e., .
Faithfulness holds as follows: if , then precomposing by yields and similarly for , hence .
This Kleisli composition plays an important role in computer science; for this, see the article at monad (in computer science).
In more general 2-categories the universal properties of Kleisli objects are dual to the universal properties of Eilenberg-Moore objects.
In particular, is initial in the category of adjunctions for (whereas is terminal). For a proof, see Category Theory in Context Proposition 5.2.12.
In typed functional programming, the Kleisli category is used to model call-by-value? functions with side-effects and computation. See at monad (in computer science) for more on this.
The original source is
H. Kleisli, Every standard construction is induced by a pair of adjoint functors , Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 16 (1965) pp.544–546. (AMS)
Jenö Szigeti, On limits and colimits in the Kleisli category, Cahiers de Topologie et Géométrie Différentielle Catégoriques, 24 no. 4 (1983), p. 381-391 (NUMDAM)
Discussion of cases where the inclusion of the Kleisli category into the Eilenberg-Moore category is a reflective subcategory is in
Discussion in internal category theory is in
Discussion of Kleisli categories in type theory is in
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Last revised on October 11, 2021 at 03:40:18. See the history of this page for a list of all contributions to it.