model category, model -category
Definitions
Morphisms
Universal constructions
Refinements
Producing new model structures
Presentation of -categories
Model structures
for -groupoids
on chain complexes/model structure on cosimplicial abelian groups
related by the Dold-Kan correspondence
for equivariant -groupoids
for rational -groupoids
for rational equivariant -groupoids
for -groupoids
for -groups
for -algebras
general -algebras
specific -algebras
for stable/spectrum objects
for -categories
for stable -categories
for -operads
for -categories
for -sheaves / -stacks
(slice model structure)
For a model category and any object, the slice category as well as the coslice category inherit themselves structures of model categories, whose fibrations, cofibrations and weak equivalences are precisely the morphism whose images under the forgetful functors or are fibrations, cofibrations or weak equivalences, respectively, in .
(Hirschhorn 2002, Thm. 7.6.5, May & Ponto 2012, Th. 15.3.6)
If is
then so are and .
More in detail, if are the classes of generating cofibrations and of generating acylic cofibrations of , respectively, then
(Hirschhorn (2021); May & Ponto (2012, Th. 15.3.6)).
If is a combinatorial model category, then so is .
By basic properties of locally presentable categories they are stable under slicing. Hence with locally presentable also is, and by prop. with cofibrantly generated also is.
If is an enriched model category over a cartesian closed model category, then so is its enriched slice category .
By basic properties of enriched categories over cartesian closed categories they are stable under slicing, where tensoring is computed in (see at enriched slice category). Hence with enriched also is. The pushout product axiom now follows from the fact that in overcategories pushouts are reflected in the underlying category (by this Prop.). The unit axiom follows from the unit axiom of using the fact that tensorings are computed in .
When restricted to fibrant objects, the operation of forming the model structure on an overcategory presents the operation of forming the over (∞,1)-category of an (∞,1)-category.
More explicitly, for any model category , let
denote the localization (as an (∞,1)-category) inverting the weak equivalences (as e.g. given by simplicial localization; see also the model structure on relative categories). Then:
If is a model category and is fibrant, then (1) induces an (∞,1)-functor , which in turn induces an equivalence of (∞,1)-categories
This main result is corollary 7.6.13 of Cisinski 20. Model categories are (∞,1)-categories with weak equivalences and fibrations as defined in Cisinski Def. 7.4.12.
We spell out a proof for the special case that carries the extra structure of a simplicial model category (this proof was written in 2011 when no comparable statement seemed to be available in the literature):
If is a simplicial model category and is fibrant, then the overcategory with the above slice model structure is a presentation of the over-(∞,1)-category : we have an equivalence of (∞,1)-categories
We write equivalently .
It is clear that we have an essentially surjective (∞,1)-functor . What has to be shown is that this is a full and faithful (∞,1)-functor in that it is an equivalence on all hom-∞-groupoids .
To see this, notice that the hom-space in an over-(∞,1)-category between objects and is given (as discussed there) by the (∞,1)-pullback
in ∞Grpd.
Let be a cofibrant representative and be a fibration representative in (which always exists) of the objects of these names in , respectively. In terms of these we have a cofibration
in , exhibiting as a cofibrant object of ; and a fibration
in , exhibiting as a fibrant object in .
Moreover, the diagram in sSet given by
is
a pullback diagram in sSet (by the definition of morphism in an ordinary overcategory);
a homotopy pullback in the model structure on simplicial sets, because by the pullback power axiom on the sSet enriched model category and the above (co)fibrancy assumptions, all objects are Kan complexes and the right vertical morphism is a Kan fibration;
has in the top left the correct derived hom-space in (since is cofibrant and fibrant).
This means that this correct hom-space is indeed a model for .
(left base change Quillen adjunction)
For a model category and any morphism in , the left base change adjunction along (where is postcomposition with and is pullback along ) is a Quillen adjunction between the slice model structures (from Prop. ):
Since the left adjoint is the postcomposition operation, it manifestly preserves the classes of underlying morphisms, hence in particular preserves the classes of (acyclic) cofibrations in the slice model structure (by Prop. ), hence is a left Quillen functor.
(left base change Quillen equivalence)
Let be a model category, and be a weak equivalence in .
Then the left base change Quillen adjunction along (Prop. ) is a Quillen equivalence
if and only if has this property:
The pullback (base change) of along any fibration is still a weak equivalence.
is right proper, or
is an acyclic fibration, or
both and are fibrant objects
(for the first this follows by definition; for the second by the fact that is a right Quillen functor by Prop. ; for the third by this Prop. on recognizing homotopy pullbacks).
Using the characterization of Quillen equivalences by derived adjuncts (here), the base change adjunction is a Quillen equivalence iff for
any cofibrant object in the slice over (i.e. is cofibrant in )
and a fibrant object in the slice over (i.e. is a fibration in ),
we have that
(1) is a weak equivalence
iff
(2) is a weak equivalence.
But the latter morphism is the top composite in the following commuting diagram:
Hence the two-out-of-three-property says that (1) is equivalent to (2) if is a weak equivalence.
Conversely, taking to be a weak equivalence (hence a cofibrant resolution of ), two-out-of-three implies that if is a Quillen equivalence, then is a weak equivalence.
In particular:
The following are equivalent:
If is any weak equivalence in , then the left base change Quillen adjunction (from Prop. ) is a Quillen equivalence.
This is due to Rezk 02, Prop. 2.5.
(slice Quillen adjunctions)
Given a Quillen adjunction
then:
for any object the sliced adjunction over is a Quillen adjunction between the corresponding slice model categories (Prop. ):
for any object the sliced adjunction over is a Quillen adjunction between the corresponding slice model categories (Prop. ):
(e.g. Li 2016, Prop. 2.5 (2))
Consider the first case: By the nature of the sliced adjunction, its left adjoint acts as on underlying morphisms. But since is assumed to be a left Quillen functor and since the (acyclic) cofibrations of the slice model structure are those of underlying morphisms (Prop. ), preserves them and is hence itself a left Quillen functor.
The second case is directly analogous: Here it is evident that is a right Quillen functor, since it acts via on underlying morphisms, and is right Quillen by assumption.
(sliced Quillen equivalences)
Consider a Quillen equivalence
Then:
It is sufficient to check that the derived adjunction unit and derived adjunction counit are weak equivalences (…)
(model categories of pointed objects)
For every model category , its category of pointed objects, hence the category under the terminal object carries the under-category model structure: the canonical model structure on pointed objects.
For instance, the classical model structure on pointed topological spaces is the model structure on the undercategory under the point (the category of pointed objects) of the classical model structure on topological spaces.
(induced Quillen adjunction on model categories of pointed objects)
Given a Quillen adjunction between model categories
there is induced a Quillen adjunction between the corresponding model categories of pointed objects
where
the right adjoint acts directly as on the triangular commuting diagrams in that define the morphisms in ;
the left adjoint is the composite of the corresponding direct application of followed by pushout along the adjunction counit (using that since right adjoints preserve limits and hence terminal objects):
It is fairly straightforward to check this directly (e.g. Hovey 1999, Prop. 1.3.5), but it is also a special case of Prop. — to make this explicit, notice that passing to opposite categories with their opposite model structures turns the original Quillen adjunction into the opposite Quillen adjunction:
Now the passage to pointed objects corresponds to slicing (instead of co-slicing), since
whence item (1) in Prop. says that there is a Quillen adjunction of the form
hence with opposite Quillen adjunction of the required form
with acting directly as on underlying diagrams, and with acting as the composite of following by pullback – in – along the adjunction unit of . Since the component morphism of the unit of the opposite adjunction is that of the adjunction unit of , and since pullback in an opposite category is pushout in the original category, this implies the claim.
(Borel model structure)
For a simplicial group and its simplicial classifying space, the slice model structure (Prop. ) over of the classical model structure on simplicial sets is Quillen equivalent to the Borel model structure of -actions (see this Prop.):
For more on this see also at -action.
For any simplicial set sSet and any pair of Kan fibrations and , a morphism
is a simplicial weak homotopy equivalence (hence a weak equivalence in the slice model structure, from Prop. , over of the classical model structure on simplicial sets) if and only if so are all its restrictions (all its base changes by pullback) to all (homotopy) fibers
for all points .
In one direction, assume that is a weak equivalence. By Prop. the pullback operation is a right Quillen functor. Therefore Ken Brown's lemma (here) implies that it preserves weak equivalences between fibrant objects. Since and are fibrant by assumption, this means that is a weak equivalence.
In the other direction, assume that is a weak equivalence for all . Then for any let and consider the resulting morphism of homotopy fiber-diagrams:
and, in turn, the induced morphim of long exact sequences of homotopy groups, which has the following segments, for all (where ):
Now the (non-abelian) five lemma implies that is an isomorphism, for all and all .
It only remains to see that is an isomorphism. This follows by the same argument after replacing by the connected components which are, under , in the image of . This yields a morphism of exact sequences of the above form by replacing the rightmost item by the singleton; and the conclusion follows.
model structure on an over-category
Philip Hirschhorn, Theorem 7.6.5 of: Model Categories and Their Localizations, AMS Math. Survey and Monographs Vol 99 (2002) (ISBN:978-0-8218-4917-0, pdf toc, pdf)
Philip Hirschhorn, Overcategories and undercategories of model categories, J. Homotopy Relat. Struct. 16 (2021) 753–768 [arXiv:1507.01624, doi:10.1007/s40062-021-00294-4]
Peter May, Kate Ponto, Thm. 15.3.6 in: More concise algebraic topology, University of Chicago Press (2012) (ISBN:9780226511795, pdf)
Zhi-Wei Li, A note on the model (co-)slice categories, Chinese Annals of Mathematics, Series B volume 37, pages 95–102 (2016) (arXiv:1402.2033, doi:10.1007/s11401-015-0955-z)
See also:
Charles Rezk, Every homotopy theory of simplicial algebras admits a proper model, Topology and its Applications, Volume 119, Issue 1, 2002, Pages 65-94, (doi:10.1016/S0166-8641(01)00057-8, arXiv:math/0003065)
Denis-Charles Cisinski, Higher category theory and homotopical algebra, 2020 (pdf)
Last revised on December 31, 2022 at 08:52:28. See the history of this page for a list of all contributions to it.