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A locally ringed space is a ringed space such that the stalks of the structure sheaf are local rings.
A morphism of locally ringed spaces is a morphism of ringed spaces , where , such that is a morphism of local rings (that is, a map of rings which respects the maximal ideal (reflects invertibility)), where is the adjunct of the comorphism . Here we are considering and to be local rings defined in the internal logic of the respective sheaf toposes, and is an internal local ring because the inverse image functor preserves geometric logic.
(schemes)
Historically, schemes are thought of as locally ringed spaces and this application of the notion to algebraic geometry motivated much of its development.
(However, already Grothendieck (1973) pointed out that it is often more frutiful to view schemes instead via their functor of points, see at functorial geometry for more.)
(smooth manifolds)
The category SmthMfd of smooth manifolds has a canonical embedding into the category of locally ringed spaces:
Indeed, any smooth manifold comes equipped with a sheaf of real-valued smooth functions , and the maximal ideal in a given stalk consists precisely of germs of smooth functions which vanish at that point. Moreover, a smooth map determines a comorphism by the usual precomposition.
This inclusion of smooth manifolds into locally ringed spaces is fully faithful. For a proof, see Lucas Braune’s comment at Math.SE:511604.
(In fact, already the embedding of smooth manifolds into formal duals of R-algebras is fully faithful, which means that all smooth manifolds are even “affine” locally ringed spaces, in a sense.)
The condition that all stalks are local rings can be reformulated without referring to the points of :
ringed space, locally ringed space
ringed locale?, locally ringed locale
Textbook accounts:
Siegfried Bosch, p. 247-248 in Algebraic Geometry and Commutative Algebra, Universitext, Springer (2017) [doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-4829-6]
Ulrich Görtz, Torsten Wedhorn, p. 55 in: Algebraic Geometry I: Schemes, Springer (2020) [doi:10.1007/978-3-658-30733-2]
See also:
James Milne, section 4 of Lectures on Étale Cohomology
See also references at locally ringed topos.
Last revised on April 16, 2023 at 08:39:47. See the history of this page for a list of all contributions to it.