geometric representation theory
representation, 2-representation, ∞-representation
Grothendieck group, lambda-ring, symmetric function, formal group
principal bundle, torsor, vector bundle, Atiyah Lie algebroid
Eilenberg-Moore category, algebra over an operad, actegory, crossed module
Be?linson-Bernstein localization?
A Galois representation is a linear representation of a Galois group (often the absolute Galois group of some field). In other words, given a field extension of , and a vector space over some field , a Galois representation is a group homomorphism
where is the group of linear transformations of . If is an -dimensional vector space, is the same as the general linear group . A Galois module is a generalization of a Galois representation to modules instead of vector spaces.
When the Galois group is the absolute Galois group of a number field or a finite extension of the p-adic numbers, and the field of scalars of the underlying vector space of the representation is a topological field, one often considers continuous Galois representations (noting that the absolute Galois group is a topological group).
An example of a continuous Galois representation can be obtained by taking the -adic Tate module as discussed in the article on Galois modules and taking its tensor product with .
Continuous Galois representations of , where is a finite extension of the p-adic numbers , over an underlying vector space over , where is another extension of (often with some condition that is big enough) are called p-adic Galois representations (in contrast to -adic Galois representations, where the underlying vector space is over some extension of , where is another prime not equal to ). p-adic Galois representations have a very rich theory (significantly richer and more complicated than -adic Galois representations), and their study is part of p-adic Hodge theory.
The Fontaine-Mazur conjecture gives a criterion for when an -adic Galois representation “comes from geometry”, i.e. is obtained from the -adic etale cohomology of a variety. Namely, a Galois representation comes from geometry if and only if it is unramified at almost all places, and de Rham (see p-adic Hodge theory) at the places over (LiLFunctions).
A restricted version of the global Langlands correspondence (BuzzardMSRI) for states that algebraic automorphic representations of over are in bijection with compatible systems of -adic Galois representations. A more general form is conjectured for number fields instead of .
The local Langlands correspondence for states that irreducible admissible representations of are in correspondence with F-semisimple Weil-Deligne representations of . This has been proved. A more general form is also true for more general local fields instead of .
For reductive groups other than , Galois representations need to be replaced by the more general concept of L-parameters (and the statement becomes a classification, in terms of a partition into L-packets, rather than a bijection).
Serre’s modularity conjecture states that an odd (this means the image of complex conjugation has determinant ) irreducible two-dimensional Galois representation over a finite field comes from a modular form, and furthermore (in its strong form) gives a recipe for the level and weight of the modular form as well. This conjecture was proved by Khare and Wintenberger in KhareWintenberger09a and KhareWintenberger09b.
Modern formulations of the weight part of Serre’s conjecture are stated differently, inspired by the observation by Ash and Stevens (AshStevens86) that a Galois representation over a finite field is modular of prime-to- level and weight if and only if the corresponding system of Hecke eigenvalues appears in the group cohomology . This is the same as requiring that the system of Hecke eigenvalues appears in , where is a Jordan-Holder factor of .
Therefore, modern formulations of the weight part of Serre’s conjecture consists of associating to a Galois representation over a finite field a set of Serre weights, which are irreducible representations of (there are also generalizations to other groups). See also GHS18 for more discussion of this point of view.
In the context of the Langlands program:
The statement of the Fontaine-Mazur conjecture as stated in this article comes from
The proof of Serre’s modularity conjecture is given in
Khare, Chandrashekhar; Wintenberger, Jean-Pierre (2009), Serre’s modularity conjecture (I), Inventiones Mathematicae, 178 (3): 485–504
Khare, Chandrashekhar; Wintenberger, Jean-Pierre (2009), “Serre’s modularity conjecture (II)”, Inventiones Mathematicae, 178 (3): 505–586
The modern formulation of the weight part of Serre’s conjecture is discussed in
The historical inspiration for the previous entry can be found in
Review of the fact that Galois representations encode local systems are are hence analogs in arithmetic geometry of flat connections in differential geometry includes
See also at function field analogy.
Last revised on April 21, 2023 at 15:14:24. See the history of this page for a list of all contributions to it.