model category, model -category
Definitions
Morphisms
Universal constructions
Refinements
Producing new model structures
Presentation of -categories
Model structures
for -groupoids
on chain complexes/model structure on cosimplicial abelian groups
related by the Dold-Kan correspondence
for equivariant -groupoids
for rational -groupoids
for rational equivariant -groupoids
for -groupoids
for -groups
for -algebras
general -algebras
specific -algebras
for stable/spectrum objects
for -categories
for stable -categories
for -operads
for -categories
for -sheaves / -stacks
A model category is cofibrantly generated if there is a set (meaning: small set, not a proper class) of cofibrations as well as one of acyclic cofibrations, such that all other cofibrations and acyclic cofibrations, respectively, are generated from these, in some sense.
We need the following general terminology:
(cells and injectives)
Let be a category with all colimits and let a class of morphisms. We write:
for the collection of morphisms with the right lifting property;
for the collection of morphisms with the left lifting property with respect to .
Moreover, we also write, now for :
for the relative cell complexes, the class of morphisms obtained by transfinite composition of pushouts of coproducts of elements in ;
for the class of retracts (in the arrow category ) of elements in ;
for the class of morphisms with the right lifting property with respect to , the -injective morphisms.
A model category is cofibrantly generated if there are small sets of morphisms such that
is precisely the collection of cofibrations of ;
is precisely the collection of acyclic cofibrations in ; and
and permit the small object argument.
Since and are assumed to admit the small object argument the collection of cofibrations and acyclic cofibrations has the following simpler characterization:
And therefore the fibrations form precisely and the acyclic fibrations precisely .
The argument is the same for and . So take .
By definition we have and it is readily checked that collections of morphisms given by a left lifting property are stable under pushouts, transfinite composition and retracts (see here for details). So .
For the converse inclusion we use the small object argument: let be in . The small object argument produces a factorization .
Finally we apply the “retract argument”: It follows that has the left lifting property with respect to which yields a morphism in
which exhibits as a retract of
Therefore .
The following theorem allows one to recognize cofibrantly generated model categories by checking fewer conditions.
Let be a category with all small limits and colimits and a class of maps satisfying 2-out-of-3.
If and are sets of maps in such that
both and permit the small object argument;
;
;
one of the following holds
then there is the stucture of a cofibrantly generated model category on with
weak equivalences
generating cofibrations (i.e. )
generating acyclic cofibrations .
This is originally due to Daniel Kan, reproduced for instance as (Hirschhorn 03, theorem 11.3.1).
We have to show that with weak equivalences setting and defines a model category structure.
The existence of limits, colimits and the 2-out-of-3 property holds by assumption. Closure under retracts of the weak equivalences will hold automatically if we check the rest of the axioms without using it, by an argument of A. Joyal. Closure under retracts of and follows by the general statement that classes of morphisms defined by a left or right lifting property are closed under retracts (e.g. Hirschhorn 03, 7.2.8,).
The factorization property follows by applying the small object argument to the set , showing that every morphism may be factored as
and assumption 3 says that . Similarly applying the small object argument to gives factorizations
and assumption 2 guarantees that .
It remains to verify the lifting axiom. This verification depends on which of the two parts of item 4 is satisfied. Assume the first one is, the argument for the second one is analogous.
Then using the assumption and remembering that we have set we immediately have the lifting of trivial cofibrations on the left against fibrations on the right.
To get the lifting of cofibrations on the left with acyclic fibrations on the right, we show finally that . To see this, apply the factorization established before to an acyclic fibration to get
With assumption 4 a this is
so that we have a lift
which establishes a retract
that exhibits as an element of as this is closed under retracts.
Let be a cofibrantly generated model category, def. , with generating (acyclic) cofibrations (and ). Let be any category with all small limits and colimits and consider a pair of adjoint functors
Write and . If
both and admit the small object argument;
takes -relative cell complexes to weak equivalences
then , induce a cofibrantly generated model structure, def. , on . Its weak equivalences are the morphisms that are taken to weak equivalences by . Moreover, the above adjunction is a Quillen adjunction for these model structures.
This is due to Daniel Kan, reproduced in (Hirschhorn 03, theorem 11.3.2). See also at transferred model structure.
Let be a cofibrantly generated model category which is also left proper. Then there exists a small set of cofibrant objects which detect weak equivalences:
a morphism in is a weak equivalence, precisely if for all the induced morphism of derived hom-spaces
is a weak equivalence.
This appears as (Dugger, prop. A.5).
The classical model category structure on simplicial sets is cofibrantly generated:
is a cofibrantly generated model category with
The category of (based, compactly generated) topological spaces has a cofibrantly generated model structure (the classical model structure on pointed topological spaces) in which the set of cells is
and the set of acyclic cells is
(Here means disjoint basepoint, not northern hemisphere.)
The category of unbased spaces has a similar cofibrantly generated model structure. (The classical model structure on topological spaces.)
The category of sequential prespectra has two cofibrantly generated model structures (the Bousfield-Friedlander model structures).
Let denote a prespectrum whose th space is when , and otherwise. Then the level model structure is generated by cells
(free spectra formed on the standard cells of the classical model structure on pointed topological spaces)
and the set of acyclic cells is
The stable model structure has the same cells, but more acyclic cells, which in turn guarantees that the fibrant spectra are the -spectra.
The categories of symmetric spectra and orthogonal spectra have similar cofibrantly generated level and stable model structures (model structure on symmetric spectra, model structure on orthogonal spectra).
(see Mandell, May, Schwede, Shipley: Model categories of diagram spectra.)
The category of diagrams indexed by a fixed small category , taking values in another cofibrantly generated model category .
(The model structure on functors.)
A cofibrantly generated model category that is also a locally presentable category is called a combinatorial model category.
A cofibrantly generated model category for which the domains of the morphisms in and are compact objects or small objects is a cellular model category.
The original reference is:
In particular, the Kan recognition theorem is in §II.8 and the Kan transfer theorem is in §II.9. This manuscript draft later transformed in Homotopy Limit Functors on Model Categories and Homotopical Categories, losing the content on cofibrantly generated model categories in the process.
Textbook accounts:
Further review:
For the general case a useful reference is for instance the first section of
For the case of a presentable category:
See also:
Last revised on May 15, 2023 at 04:42:52. See the history of this page for a list of all contributions to it.