group cohomology, nonabelian group cohomology, Lie group cohomology
cohomology with constant coefficients / with a local system of coefficients
differential cohomology
Traditional étale cohomology (e.g. Deligne 77) is the abelian sheaf cohomology for sheaves on the étale site of a scheme – which is an analog of the category of open subsets of a topological space , or rather the analog of the category of étale spaces over , with finite fibers.
A certain inverse limit over étale cohomology groups for different coefficients yields ℓ-adic cohomology, which is a Weil cohomology theory.
More generally, there is étale generalized cohomology theory with coefficients in sheaves of spectra on the étale site (Jardine 97). Still more generally, there is étale generalized cohomology on the étale (∞,1)-site (Antieau-Gepner 12, Lurie).
Given a scheme of finite type, the small étale site is the category whose objects are étale morphisms and whose morphisms are morphisms of schemes completing triangles: (notice that the morphisms between étale morphisms are automatically étale). This category naturally carries a Grothendieck topology that makes it a site, the étale site.
For an abelian sheaf on , the étale cohomology of with coefficients in is the abelian sheaf cohomology with respect to this site.
The following are some basic properties of étale cohomology groups for various standard choices of coefficients.
A cover in the Zariski topology on schemes is an open immersion of schemes and hence is in particular an étale morphism of schemes. Hence the étale site is finer than the Zariski site and so every étale sheaf is a Zariski sheaf, but not necessarily conversely.
For a scheme, the inclusion
of the Zariski site into the étale site is indeed a morphism of sites. Hence there is a Leray spectral sequence which computes étale cohomology in terms of Zariski cohomology
This is originally due to (Grothendieck, SGA 4 (Chapter VII, p355)). Reviews include (Tamme, II 1.3).
For a quasi-coherent sheaf of -modules and the induced étale sheaf (by the discussion at étale topos – Quasicohetent sheaves), then the edge morphism
of the Leray spectral sequence of remark is an isomorphism for all , itentifying the abelian sheaf cohomology on the Zariski site with coefficients in with the étale cohomology with coefficients in .
Moreover, for affine we have
This is due to (Grothendieck, FGA 1). See also for instance (Tamme, II (4.1.2)).
By the discussion at edge morphism it suffices to show that
By the discussion at direct image (also at abelian sheaf cohomology), is the sheaf on the Zariski topology which is the sheafification of the presheaf given by
hence it is sufficient that this vanishes, or rather, by locality (sheafification) it suffices to show this vanishes for an affine algebraic variety.
By the existence of cofinal affine étale covers the full subcategory with the induced coverage is a dense subsite of affines. Therefore it suffices to show the statement there. Moreover, by the finiteness condition on étale morphisms every cover of may be refined by a finite cover, hence by an affine covering map
It follows (by a discussion such as e.g. at Sweedler coring) that the corresponding Cech cohomology complex
is of the form
known as the Amitsur complex.
Since is a faithfully flat morphism it follows by the descent theorem that this is exact, hence that the cohomology indeed vanishes.
If is an affine reduced scheme of characteristic a prime number , then its étale cohomology with coefficients in is
Under the given assumptions, the Artin-Schreier sequence (see there) induces a long exact sequence in cohomology of the form
where is the Frobenius endomorphism. By prop. the terms of the form vanish, and so from exactness we find an isomorphism
hence the claimed isomorphism
By the same argument all the higher cohomology groups vanish, as claimed.
the étale cohomology groups with coefficients in the multiplicative group in the first few degrees go by special names:
(…)
The following are the main theorems characterizing properties of étale cohomology. Together these theorems imply that étale cohomology, in its variant as l-adic cohomology, is a Weil cohomology theory.
Künneth formula + cycle map + Poincaré duality Lefschetz fixed-point formula
We have the following, which is Theorem 10.2 in MazzaVoevodskyWeibel2006.
Let be a smooth, separated scheme over a field . Let be an integer prime to the characteristic of . Then for every integer and every integer , we have that , the étale (or Lichtenbaum) motivic cohomology of , is isomorphic to , the étale cohomology of with coefficients in the -th Tate twist of .
The inverting of smashing with the Tate sphere as opposed to just with in the construction of the stable motivic homotopy category allows the part of motivic cohomology to be represented in it (by the motivic Eilenberg-MacLane spectrum), as opposed to just the part. Combining this with the above theorem, we see that inverting the Tate sphere as opposed to just allows the Tate twists of étale cohomology to be represented.
étale morphism, étale site, étale cohomology
Étale cohomology was conceived by Artin, Deligne, Grothendieck and Verdier in 1963. It was used by Deligne to prove the Weil conjectures. Some useful (and also funny) remarks on this are in the beginning of
See also
The classical references include SGA, esp.
See also
A modern textbook, though largely based on the material in SGA is
Lecture notes include
Evan Jenkins, Étale cohomology seminar (web)
Donu Arapura, An introduction to Étale cohomology (pdf)
Antoine Ducros, Étale cohomology of schemes and analytic spaces, (pdf)
See also
Edgar Costa, Étale cohomology (pdf)
Thomas H. Geisser, Weil-etale motivic cohomology, K-th archive
Discussion of generalized cohomology theory on the étale site but with coefficients in sheaves of spectra is in
Discussion of generalized étale cohomology over the étale (∞,1)-site (hence in higher topos theory/higher algebra) is in
Last revised on August 3, 2020 at 10:39:01. See the history of this page for a list of all contributions to it.