geometric quantization higher geometric quantization
geometry of physics: Lagrangians and Action functionals + Geometric Quantization
prequantum circle n-bundle = extended Lagrangian
prequantum 1-bundle = prequantum circle bundle, regularcontact manifold,prequantum line bundle = lift of symplectic form to differential cohomology
under construction
Given a suitable Lie algebra a Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equation is the equation expressing flatness of certain class of vector bundles with connection on the configuration space of points of distinct points in the plane . It appeared in the study of Wess-Zumino-Novikov-Witten model (WZNW model) of 2d CFT in (Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov 84).
The Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equation involves what is called the Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov connection and it is related to monodromy representations of the Artin’s braid group.
In the standard variant, its basic data involve a given complex simple Lie algebra with a fixed bilinear invariant polynomial (the Killing form) and (not necessarily finite-dimensional) representations of . Let .
(…)
The existence of the Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov connection can naturally be understood from the holographic quantization of the WZW model on the Lie group by geometric quantization of -Chern-Simons theory:
As discussed there, for a 2-dimensional manifold , a choice of polarization of the phase space of 3d Chern-Simons theory on is naturally induced by a choice of conformal structure on . Once such a choice is made, the resulting space of quantum states of the Chern-Simons theory over is naturally identified with the space of conformal blocks of the WZW model 2d CFT on the Riemann surface .
But since from the point of view of the 3d Chern-Simons theory the polarization is an arbitrary choice, the space of quantum states should not depend on this choice, up to specified equivalence. Formally this means that as varies (over the moduli space of conformal structures on ) the should form a vector bundle on this moduli space of conformal structures which is equipped with a flat connection whose parallel transport hence provides equivalences between between the fibers of this vector bundle.
This flat connection is the Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov connection. This was maybe first realized and explained in (Witten 89).
For the Definition of the Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov connection we need the following notation:
configuration spaces of points
For write
for the ordered configuration space of n points in the plane, regarded as a smooth manifold.
Identifying the plane with the complex plane , we have canonical holomorphic coordinate functions
for the quotient vector space of the linear span of horizontal chord diagrams on strands by the 4T relations (infinitesimal braid relations), regarded as an associative algebra under concatenation of strands (here).
The universal Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov form is the horizontal chord diagram-algebra valued differential form (3) on the configuration space of points (1)
given in the canonical coordinates (2) by:
where
is the horizontal chord diagram with exactly one chord, which stretches between the th and the th strand.
Regarded as a connection form for a connection on a vector bundle, this defines the universal Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov connection , with covariant derivative
for any smooth function
with values in modules over the algebra of horizontal chord diagrams modulo 4T relations.
The condition of covariant constancy
is called the Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equation.
Finally, given a metric Lie algebra and a tuple of Lie algebra representations
the corresponding endomorphism-valued Lie algebra weight system
turns the universal Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov form (4) into a endomorphism ring-valued differential form
The universal formulation (4) is highlighted for instance in Bat-Natan 95, Section 4.2, Lescop 00, p. 7. Most authors state the version after evaluation in a Lie algebra weight system, e.g. Kohno 14, Section 5.
(Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov connection is flat)
The Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov connection (Def. ) is flat:
(Kontsevich integral for braids)
The Dyson formula for the holonomy of the Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov connection (Def. ) is called the Kontsevich integral on braids.
(e.g. Lescop 00, side-remark 1.14)
The original articles are
A. Belavin , Alexander Polyakov , Alexander Zamolodchikov, Infinite conformal symmetry in two-dimensional quantum field theory (1984) Nucl. Phys. B 241 (2): 333–80.
Daniel Friedan, S. Shenker, The analytic geometry of two-dimensional conformal field theory, Nuclear Physics B281 (1987) (pdf)
The interpretation of this structure in terms of a flat connection on the moduli space of conformal structures was given in
The generalization to higher genus surfaces is due to
D. Bernard, On the Wess-Zumino-Witten models on the torus, Nucl. Phys. B 303 77-93 (1988)
D. Bernard, On the Wess-Zumino-Witten models on Riemann surfaces, Nucl. Phys. B 309 145-174 (1988)
Finally the interpreation of this connection in terms of the geometric quantization of Chern-Simons theory is due to the discussion on p. 20 of
A quick review of the Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equation in the context of an introduction to WZW model CFT is in section 5.6 of
A review of the definition of the Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov connection on the moduli space of genus-0 surfaces with marked points is in section 2 of
See also
wikipedia Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equations
Philippe Di Francesco,Pierre Mathieu,David Sénéchal, Conformal field theory, Springer 1997
P. Etingof, I. Frenkel, Lectures on representation theory and Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equations, book; V. Chari, review in Bull. AMS: pdf
I. B. Frenkel, N. Yu. Reshetikihin, Quantum affine algebras and holonomic diference equations, Comm. Math. Phys. 146 (1992), 1-60, MR94c:17024
Valerio Toledano-Laredo, Flat connections and quantum groups, Acta Appl. Math. 73 (2002), 155-173, math.QA/0205185
Toshitake Kohno, Conformal field theory and topology, transl. from the 1998 Japanese original by the author. Translations of Mathematical Monographs 210. Iwanami Series in Modern Mathematics. Amer. Math. Soc. 2002. x+172 pp.
P. Etingof, N. Geer, Monodromy of trigonometric KZ equations, math.QA/0611003
Valerio Toledano-Laredo, A Kohno-Drinfeld theorem for quantum Weyl groups, math.QA/0009181
A. Tsuchiya, Y. Kanie, Vertex operators in conformal field theory on and monodromy representations of braid group, Adv. Stud. Pure Math. 16, pp. 297–372 (1988); Erratum in vol. 19, 675–682
C. Kassel, Quantum groups, Grad. Texts in Math. 155, Springer 1995
V. Chari, , A. Pressley, A guide to quantum groups, Camb. Univ. Press 1994В.
А. Голубева, В. П. Лексин, Алгебраическая характеризация монодромии обобщенных уравнений Книжника–Замолодчикова типа , Монодромия в задачах алгебраической геометрии и дифференциальных уравнений, Сборник статей, Тр. МИАН, 238, Наука, М., 2002, 124–143, pdf; V. A. Golubeva, V. P. Leksin, “Algebraic Characterization of the Monodromy of Generalized Knizhnik–Zamolodchikov Equations of Bn Type”, Proc. Steklov Inst. Math., 238 (2002), 115–133
V. A. Golubeva, V. P. Leksin, Rigidity theorems for multiparametric deformations of algebraic structures, associated with the Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equations, Journal of Dynamical and Control Systems, 13:2 (2007), 161–171, MR2317452
V. A. Golubeva, Integrability conditions for two–parameter Knizhnik–Zamolodchikov equations of type in the tensor and spinor cases, Doklady Mathematics, 79:2 (2009), 147–149
V. G. Drinfelʹd, Quasi-Hopf algebras and Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equations, Problems of modern quantum field theory (Alushta, 1989), 1–13, Res. Rep. Phys., Springer 1989.
R. Rimányi, V. Tarasov, A. Varchenko, P. Zinn-Justin, Extended Joseph polynomials, quantized conformal blocks, and a -Selberg type integral, arxiv/1110.2187
E. Mukhin, V. Tarasov, A. Varchenko, KZ characteristic variety as the zero set of classical Calogero-Moser Hamiltonians, arxiv/1201.3990
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