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In electromagnetism, the standard flux quantization condition (“Dirac charge quantization”) implies that the magnetic flux through a closed surface (which may be the one-point compactification of an open surface if flux is constrained to vanish at infinity) is an integer multiple of an indecomposable quantum of magnetic flux :
Individual magnetic flux quanta are directly observable in experiment:
in the guise of Abrikosov vortices for magnetic flux through effectively 2-dimensional type II superconductors
(since the elementary charge carries in this case are Cooper pairs of electrons what is called the flux quantum for superconductors is in fact )
in the guise of solitonic anyon quasi-particles for magnetic flux through effectively 2-dimensional fractional quantum Hall systems
and, hypothetically (conditioned on the existence of magnetic monopoles):
The quantum of magnetic flux is
where:
In SI units this is approximately
where in the last step we used that
one Joule is one Newton meter
and one Tesla is one Newton second per Coulomb meter
See also:
Last revised on July 7, 2025 at 20:02:02. See the history of this page for a list of all contributions to it.