nLab particle physics

Entries on particle physics

• fundamental particle,

• field (physics), quantum field theory

  perturbative quantum field theory

• scattering amplitude, S-matrix

• model (in particle physics)

• standard model of particle physics

  • naturalness

  • Grand Unified Theory, GUT

• experiment, phenomenology

fields and particles in particle physics

and in the standard model of particle physics:

force field gauge bosons

• photon - electromagnetic field (abelian Yang-Mills field)

• W, Z, B-boson - electroweak field (Yang-Mills field)

• gluon - strong nuclear force (Yang-Mills field)

• graviton - field of gravity

• infraparticle

scalar bosons

• Higgs boson, inflaton (scalar field)

matter field fermions (spinors, Dirac fields)

flavors of fundamental fermions in the standard model of particle physics:
generation of fermions	1st generation	2nd generation	3d generation
quarks ($q$)
up-type	up quark ($u$)	charm quark ($c$)	top quark ($t$)
down-type	down quark ($d$)	strange quark ($s$)	bottom quark ($b$)
leptons
charged	electron	muon	tauon
neutral	electron neutrino	muon neutrino	tau neutrino
bound states:
mesons	light mesons: pion ($u d$) ρ-meson ($u d$) ω-meson ($u d$) f1-meson a1-meson	strange-mesons: ϕ-meson ($s \bar s$), kaon, K*-meson ($u s$, $d s$) eta-meson ($u u + d d + s s$) charmed heavy mesons: D-meson ($u c$, $d c$, $s c$) J/ψ-meson ($c \bar c$)	bottom heavy mesons: B-meson ($q b$) ϒ-meson ($b \bar b$)
baryons	nucleons: proton $(u u d)$ neutron $(u d d)$

(also: antiparticles)

effective particles

• Goldstone bosons

hadrons (bound states of the above quarks)

• meson

  • scalar meson

    • σ-meson

    • pion

    • kaon

    • D-meson

    • B-meson

  • vector meson

    • ω-meson

    • ρ-meson

    • f1-meson

    • a1-meson

    • b1-meson

    • h1-meson

    • K*-meson

  • tensor meson

  • quarkonium

    • charmonium

    • ϒ-meson

• exotic meson

  • XYZ meson

  • tetraquark

• baryon

  • nucleon

    • proton

    • neutron

    • chemical element

      • carbon

      • nitrogen

  • Lambda baryon

  • pentaquark

solitons

• Skyrmion

• caloron

• instanton

in grand unified theory

• leptoquark

• Z'-boson

minimally extended supersymmetric standard model

superpartners

bosinos:

• gravitino - field of supergravity (Rarita-Schwinger field)

• gaugino - super Yang-Mills field

• gluino

sfermions:

• squark

dark matter candidates

• WIMP

• axion

Exotica

• preon

• graviphoton

• dilaton

• monopole

• dual graviton

• giant graviton

auxiliary fields

• ghost field

• antifield

• antighost field, Nakanishi-Lautrup field

Related entries

• quantum gravity

• string theory

References

• Robert E. Marshak, Conceptual Foundations of Modern Particle Physics, World Scientific 1993 (doi:10.1142/1767)

• Ulrich Mosel, Fields, Symmetries, and Quarks, Springer 1999 (doi:10.1007/978-3-662-03841-3)

• James Dodd, Ben Gripaios, The Ideas of Particle Physics, Cambridge University Press 2020 (ISBN:9781108727402, doi:10.1017/9781108616270)

• Wikipedia, Particle physics

• Mark Thomson, Particle physics handouts

• Particle Data Group, Review of Particle Physics, Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Volume 2020, Issue 8, August 2020, 083C01 (doi:10.1093/ptep/ptaa104)

Relation to string theory phenomenology:

• Luis Ibáñez, Angel Uranga, String Theory and Particle Physics – An Introduction to String Phenomenology, Cambridge University Press 2012 (doi:10.1017/CBO9781139018951)