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The original discussion of Hamiltonian mechanics with constraints:
Paul A. M. Dirac, Generalized Hamiltonian Dynamics, Canadian Journal of Mathematics 2 (1950) 129-148 [doi:10.4153/CJM-1950-012-1]
reprinted in:
Alexander S. Blum, Dean Rickles (eds.), Ch.34 in: Quantum Gravity in the First Half of the Twentieth Century: A Sourcebook, Edition Open Sources 10 (2018) 484-503 [doi:10.34663/9783945561317-00, pdf]
(beware that Dirac never uses the term “constraint” but speaks of “equations”)
Textbook account:
Last revised on December 23, 2023 at 09:17:44. See the history of this page for a list of all contributions to it.