transfinite arithmetic, cardinal arithmetic, ordinal arithmetic
prime field, p-adic integer, p-adic rational number, p-adic complex number
arithmetic geometry, function field analogy
A Bézout domain is an integral domain that is also a Bézout ring.
In constructive mathematics, there are different types of integral domains, yielding different types of Bézout domains: the gcd function and Bézout coefficient functions are no longer valued in in one variable, but in , , or some other definition, depending on what the base integral domain ends up being (classical, Heyting, discrete, residue, et cetera).
Every Bézout domain is a GCD domain.
Let be a Bézout domain and let . There exists such that . We see that divides and , and that for every , if divides and , then divides . Therefore, is a gcd of and .
Every GCD domain of dimension at most 1 is a Bézout domain.
In classical mathematics, every Bézout domain that satisfies one of the following conditions is a principal ideal domain
is a Noetherian ring
is an atomic domain?
satisfies the ascending chain condition on principal ideals.
In constructive mathematics, Bézout domains are usually better behaved because many important rings may fail to be principal ideal domains.
For instance, the ring of integers is a principal ideal domain if and only if the law of excluded middle holds: In one direction, the usual proofs rely on being able to decide whether any particular integer belongs to the ideal or not.
For the converse, let be an arbitrary proposition. Consider the ideal . By assumption, it is generated by some number . Since the integers are discrete, it holds that or . In the first case holds, in the second .
However, this ideal cannot be proved to be finitely generated either. If an ideal is generated by , then we may form their gcd one step at a time, which we can do algorithmically. Therefore, remains a Bézout domain.
As a result, in constructive mathematics not every Bézout domain that is a unique factorization domain is a principal ideal domain, as is both a Bézout domain and a unique factorization domain, but is not a principal ideal domain.
Some authors have tried to define a principal ideal domain as a Noetherian Bézout domain, but it is unknown if this still coincides in constructive mathematics with the definition of principal ideal domain as a integral domain whose ideals are all principal ideals.
Every field is a Bézout domain where for all elements and , , , and
The ring of integers
For any discrete field , the polynomial ring on one generator is a Bézout domain.
The ring of entire holomorphic functions on the complex plane
For any Bézout unique factorization domain , the polynomial ring on one generator is a unique factorization domain which is not a Bézout domain. The ideal generated by and is not a principal ideal, as is the greatest common divisor of and , but is not in the ideal generated by and .
In particular, any integral domain extension of the rational numbers by a transcendental number is not a Bézout domain.
Similarly, for any field , the polynomial ring on two generators is a unique factorization domain which is not a Bézout domain. The ideal generated by and is not a principal ideal, as is the greatest common divisor of and , but is not in the ideal generated by and .
In particular, any integral domain extension of the rational numbers by two transcendental numbers and which are linearly independent as basis -vectors is not a Bézout domain.
See also:
Last revised on August 19, 2024 at 15:06:58. See the history of this page for a list of all contributions to it.