natural deduction metalanguage, practical foundations
type theory (dependent, intensional, observational type theory, homotopy type theory)
computational trinitarianism =
propositions as types +programs as proofs +relation type theory/category theory
In logic, the De Morgan laws refer to the the following laws:
More generally, the De Morgan laws are the statements, valid in various forms of logic, that De Morgan duality is mediated by negation.
In the foundations of constructive mathematics, De Morgan's Law usually means the statement
since every other aspect of the first two lines is already constructively valid, the claim that negation mediates the De Morgan self-duality already has a name (the double negation law, equivalent to the principle of excluded middle), and no other line involves only operators that appear in intuitionstic propositional calculus.
This de Morgan’s law is equivalent to the following:
That the negation of every equivalence relation is an apartness relation
In the context of homotopy type theory, there are two versions of the constructive De Morgan’s law, depending on whether the “or” in the law is interpreted as a propositionally truncated sum type
or as an untruncated sum type:
However, Martin Escardo proved that the truncated and untruncated versions of De Morgan’s law are the same:
Truncated De Morgan’s law implies weak excluded middle:
Note that truncation or its absence is irrelevant in weak excluded middle, since and are mutually exclusive so that is always a proposition.
Let in the truncated De Morgan’s law, and notice that always holds.
Weak excluded middle implies that binary sums of negations have split support:
By weak excluded middle, either or . In the first case, is just true. In the second case, either or . In the first subcase, is again just true. In the second subcase, we have and , whence and in particular is a proposition.
Truncated De Morgan’s law implies untruncated De Morgan’s law,
Combine the two lemmas.
Peter Freyd’s definition of a lattice-ordered abelian group in Freyd 08 is equational, and so is a Lawvere theory and could be defined in a category with finite products and a generic object where every object is equivalent to a finite product of .
Freyd then showed that the de Morgan laws are satisfied in any lattice-ordered abelian group:
with the join and meet being the lattice operations and negation being the negation of the abelian group.
In particular, the de Morgan laws are valid for the integers, the rational numbers, and the Dedekind real numbers, with the join being the maximum function and the meet being the minimum function.
Named after Augustus De Morgan.
See also:
Last revised on February 23, 2024 at 19:53:08. See the history of this page for a list of all contributions to it.