Contents

group theory

# Contents

## Idea

The direct product group of the group of order 2 with itself is known as the Klein four group:

$\mathbb{Z}/2 \times \mathbb{Z}/2 \,.$

## Properties

### General

Besides the cyclic group $\mathbb{Z}/4$ of order 4, the Klein group $\mathbb{Z}/2 \times \mathbb{Z}/2$ is the only other group of order 4, up to isomorphism.

In particular the Klein group is not itself a cyclic group, and it is in fact the smallest non-trivial group which is not a cyclic group.

In the ADE-classification of finite subgroups of SO(3), the Klein four-group is the smallest in the D-series, labeled by D4.

Dynkin diagram/
Dynkin quiver
Platonic solidfinite subgroups of SO(3)finite subgroups of SU(2)simple Lie group
$A_{n \geq 1}$cyclic group
$\mathbb{Z}_{n+1}$
cyclic group
$\mathbb{Z}_{n+1}$
special unitary group
$SU(n+1)$
D4Klein four-group
$D_4 \simeq \mathbb{Z}_2 \times \mathbb{Z}_2$
quaternion group
$2 D_4 \simeq$ Q8
SO(8)
$D_{n \geq 4}$dihedron,
hosohedron
dihedral group
$D_{2(n-2)}$
binary dihedral group
$2 D_{2(n-2)}$
special orthogonal group
$SO(2n)$
$E_6$tetrahedrontetrahedral group
$T$
binary tetrahedral group
$2T$
E6
$E_7$cube,
octahedron
octahedral group
$O$
binary octahedral group
$2O$
E7
$E_8$dodecahedron,
icosahedron
icosahedral group
$I$
binary icosahedral group
$2I$
E8