nLab coinductive type

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Contents

Context

Type theory

natural deduction metalanguage, practical foundations

judgement
hypothetical judgement, sequent
- antecedents $\vdash$ consequent, succedents

type theory (dependent, intensional, observational type theory, homotopy type theory)

calculus of constructions

syntax object language

theory, axiom
proposition/type (propositions as types)
definition/proof/program (proofs as programs)
theorem

computational trinitarianism =
propositions as types +programs as proofs +relation type theory/category theory

logic	set theory (internal logic of)	category theory	type theory
proposition	set	object	type
predicate	family of sets	display morphism	dependent type
proof	element	generalized element	term/program
cut rule		composition of classifying morphisms / pullback of display maps	substitution
introduction rule for implication		counit for hom-tensor adjunction	lambda
elimination rule for implication		unit for hom-tensor adjunction	application
cut elimination for implication		one of the zigzag identities for hom-tensor adjunction	beta reduction
identity elimination for implication		the other zigzag identity for hom-tensor adjunction	eta conversion
true	singleton	terminal object/(-2)-truncated object	h-level 0-type/unit type
false	empty set	initial object	empty type
proposition, truth value	subsingleton	subterminal object/(-1)-truncated object	h-proposition, mere proposition
logical conjunction	cartesian product	product	product type
disjunction	disjoint union (support of)	coproduct ((-1)-truncation of)	sum type (bracket type of)
implication	function set (into subsingleton)	internal hom (into subterminal object)	function type (into h-proposition)
negation	function set into empty set	internal hom into initial object	function type into empty type
universal quantification	indexed cartesian product (of family of subsingletons)	dependent product (of family of subterminal objects)	dependent product type (of family of h-propositions)
existential quantification	indexed disjoint union (support of)	dependent sum ((-1)-truncation of)	dependent sum type (bracket type of)
logical equivalence	bijection set	object of isomorphisms	equivalence type
	support set	support object/(-1)-truncation	propositional truncation/bracket type
		n-image of morphism into terminal object/n-truncation	n-truncation modality
equality	diagonal function/diagonal subset/diagonal relation	path space object	identity type/path type
completely presented set	set	discrete object/0-truncated object	h-level 2-type/set/h-set
set	set with equivalence relation	internal 0-groupoid	Bishop set/setoid with its pseudo-equivalence relation an actual equivalence relation
	equivalence class/quotient set	quotient	quotient type
induction		colimit	inductive type, W-type, M-type
higher induction		higher colimit	higher inductive type
-		0-truncated higher colimit	quotient inductive type
coinduction		limit	coinductive type
	preset		type without identity types
	set of truth values	subobject classifier	type of propositions
domain of discourse	universe	object classifier	type universe
modality		closure operator, (idempotent) monad	modal type theory, monad (in computer science)
linear logic		(symmetric, closed) monoidal category	linear type theory/quantum computation
proof net		string diagram	quantum circuit
(absence of) contraction rule		(absence of) diagonal	no-cloning theorem
		synthetic mathematics	domain specific embedded programming language

homotopy levels

semantics

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Deduction and Induction

Categorical semantics
Coinductive type formation in homotopy type theory

Related concepts
References

Idea

The notion of coinductive types is dual to that of inductive types.

Examples

Examples of coinductive types include:

streams (infinite sequences);
trees with infinite branches;
conatural numbers.

Properties

Categorical semantics

Where the categorical semantics of an inductive type is an initial algebra for an endofunctor, the semantics of a coinductive type is a terminal coalgebra of an endofunctor.

Coinductive type formation in homotopy type theory

There is an obstacle to the complete dualization of the usual rules for inductive types in homotopy type theory, including dualizing the induction principle to a “coinduction principle”. For this some form of “codependent types” would be needed.

The universal property defining (internal) coinductive types in HoTT is dual to the one defining (internal) inductive types. One might hence assume that their existence is equivalent to a set of type-theoretic rules dual (in a suitable sense) to those given for external W-types… However, the rules for external W-types cannot be dualized in a naïve way, due to some asymmetry of HoTT related to dependent types as maps into a “type of types” (a universe) (ACS15)

However, it is possible instead to dualize the alternative characterization of inductive types as initial algebras for a notion of coinductive types as terminal coalgebras, and that can be formulated (and often constructed) in ordinary HoTT. In (ACS15) the authors proceed to construct coinductive types from indexed inductive types.

Related concepts

References

Benedikt Ahrens, Paolo Capriotti, Régis Spadotti?, Non-wellfounded trees in Homotopy Type Theory, in 13th International Conference on Typed Lambda Calculi and Applications (TLCA 2015). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 38, pp. 17-30, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2015) (doi:10.4230/LIPIcs.TLCA.2015.17, arXiv:1504.02949)
coinductives, discussion on Homotopy Type Theory group.

Last revised on January 3, 2024 at 02:44:47. See the history of this page for a list of all contributions to it.