symmetric monoidal (∞,1)-category of spectra
topology (point-set topology, point-free topology)
see also differential topology, algebraic topology, functional analysis and topological homotopy theory
Basic concepts
fiber space, space attachment
Extra stuff, structure, properties
Kolmogorov space, Hausdorff space, regular space, normal space
sequentially compact, countably compact, locally compact, sigma-compact, paracompact, countably paracompact, strongly compact
Examples
Basic statements
closed subspaces of compact Hausdorff spaces are equivalently compact subspaces
open subspaces of compact Hausdorff spaces are locally compact
compact spaces equivalently have converging subnet of every net
continuous metric space valued function on compact metric space is uniformly continuous
paracompact Hausdorff spaces equivalently admit subordinate partitions of unity
injective proper maps to locally compact spaces are equivalently the closed embeddings
locally compact and second-countable spaces are sigma-compact
Theorems
Analysis Theorems
Quite generally, the completion of a ring is a completion of a topological ring to a complete topological ring, when possible, for instance of a normed ring to a Banach ring.
A special case of ring completion is the formal completion or adic completion of a commutative ring , which is its topological completion with respect to the adic topology induced by a maximal ideal (Sullivan 05, definition 1.3).
The underlying ring of this formal completion is the limit
(formed in the category CRing of commutative rings) of the quotients of by all the powers of this ideal, (Sullivan 05, proposition 1.13). Notice that this may be considered purely algebraically.
In words, this limit construction says that the elements of are sequences of elements in which “successively add smaller and smaller elements, as seen by the ideal ”. This is as for formal power series rings, which are indeed the archetypical example of formal completions, see example below.
Generally, the dual geometric meaning of formal ring completion is in formal geometry: the proper geometric spectrum of a formally completed ring is known as a formal spectrum . Geometrically this is the formal neighbourhood of the spectrum inside .
The derived functor of adic completion was originally discussed in (Greenless-May 92 (“Greenlees-May duality”). For discussion of its relation to derived torsion subgroup functor see (Porta-Shaul-Yekutieli 10) and see at fracture theorem – Arithmetic fracturing for chain complexes.
The archetypical example which most clearly exhibits the geometric meaning of formal completions of rings is the following
For any ring and the polynomial ring with coefficients in , then the formal completion of at the ideal generated by the free generator is the ring of formal power series .
If is a field, then geometrically is the affine line in algebraic geometry/arithmetic geometry over , while is the formal disk inside the affine line around the origin.
More generally:
(completion of Noetherian ring by power series)
For a Noetherian ring and a finitely generated ideal, the completion of at is isomorphic to the power series ring over on the , in that
(e.g. The Stacks Project Lemma 0316, Buchholtz 08, Sec. 6.4)
The key class of example of completions in non-archimedean analytic geometry is the following.
The p-adic integers are the completion of the ring of integers at the prime ideal . Similarly the p-adic rational numbers are the completion of the rational numbers , and the p-adic complex numbers are the completion of the complex numbers at .
In view of the example one sees that the -adic numbers in are in fact analogous to formal power series rings, hence that they behave like function rings on formal disks in some kind of geometry.
This analogy is part of what is known as the function field analogy, which says that the ring of integers behaves like the would-be “ring of polynomials over F1”.
The Atiyah-Segal completion theorem states that for a topological group and a G-space, then the topological K-theory ring of the homotopy quotient (of the Borel construction) is the completion of the -equivariant K-theory ring of .
So this says that the “very naive” equivariant K-theory embodied by is an infinitesimal approximation to the genuine equivariant K-theory.
The phenonemon of example appears for other generalized cohomology theories too, such as complex cobordism (GreenleesMay 97). For complex oriented cohomology theories it says that the formal group assigned by these to is to be thought of as the formal completion of a more globally defined something. One case where this “something” has been understood in some detail is that where the cohomology theory is elliptic cohomology. In that case the analog of equivariant K-theory is equivariant elliptic cohomology, see there for more details.
For suitable ideals of a commutative ring , then the derived functor of -adic completion of A-modules forms together with -torsion approximation an adjoint modality on the
(∞,1)-category of modules over . See at arithmetic fracturing for chain complexes for details.
cohesion in E-∞ arithmetic geometry:
cohesion modality | symbol | interpretation |
---|---|---|
flat modality | formal completion at | |
shape modality | torsion approximation | |
dR-shape modality | localization away | |
dR-flat modality | adic residual |
the differential cohomology hexagon/arithmetic fracture squares:
A classical account is in section 1 of
by Andrew Ranicki (pdf)
Brief surveys include
Wikipedia, Completion (ring theory)
Brett Bridges, An introduction to ring completions, lecture notes 2011 (pdf)
Discussion of the derived functor of adic completion (“Greenless-May duality”) is in
John Greenlees, Peter May, Derived functors of I-adic completion and local homology, J. Algebra 149 (1992), 438–453 (pdf)
Leovigildo Alonso, Ana Jeremías, Joseph Lipman, Local Homology and Cohomology on Schemes (arXiv:alg-geom/9503025)
Marco Porta, Liran Shaul, Amnon Yekutieli, On the Homology of Completion and Torsion (arXiv:1010.4386)
for more on this see also at fracture theorem – Arithmetic fracturing for chain complexes
Discussion of interrelation between completion and etale morphisms is in
Discussion of formal completion of (infinity,1)-modules in terms of totalization of Amitsur complexes is in
Completion for complex cobordism theory is in
Last revised on June 22, 2021 at 11:43:39. See the history of this page for a list of all contributions to it.