nLab kaon

Idea

A kaon is a type of meson:

The Lorentz scalar and isospin vector representation bound from up/down-quarks in the first generation of fundamental particles and a strange quark in the second generation of fundamental particles. Hence a heavy meson with respect to 2-flavor chiral perturbation theory.

Together with the K* mesons, which are the corresponding vector mesons, these are also called K-mesons (alongside D-mesons and B-mesons, etc.)

The class of K-mesons goes alongside that of D-mesons (light mesons with a charm quark) and B-mesons (mesons with a bottom quark).

flavors of fundamental fermions in the standard model of particle physics:
generation of fermions	1st generation	2nd generation	3d generation
quarks ($q$)
up-type	up quark ($u$)	charm quark ($c$)	top quark ($t$)
down-type	down quark ($d$)	strange quark ($s$)	bottom quark ($b$)
leptons
charged	electron	muon	tauon
neutral	electron neutrino	muon neutrino	tau neutrino
bound states:
mesons	light mesons: pion ($u d$) ρ-meson ($u d$) ω-meson ($u d$) f1-meson a1-meson	strange-mesons: ϕ-meson ($s \bar s$), kaon, K*-meson ($u s$, $d s$) eta-meson ($u u + d d + s s$) charmed heavy mesons: D-meson ($u c$, $d c$, $s c$) J/ψ-meson ($c \bar c$)	bottom heavy mesons: B-meson ($q b$) ϒ-meson ($b \bar b$)
baryons	nucleons: proton $(u u d)$ neutron $(u d d)$

Related concepts

• K* meson

References

General

See also

• Wikipedia, Kaon

Via chiral perturbation theory:

• V. Cirigliano, G. Ecker, H. Neufeld, A. Pich, J. Portoles, Kaon Decays in the Standard Model, Rev. Mod. Phys. 84 (2012) 399 (arXiv:1107.6001)

On kaon-K*-meson-photon interaction via the WZW term:

• S. Ozaki, H. Nagahiro, Atsushi Hosaka, Equations (3) and (9) in: Magnetic interaction induced by the anomaly in kaon-photoproductions, Physics Letters B Volume 665, Issue 4, 24 July 2008, Pages 178-181 (arXiv:0710.5581, doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2008.06.020)

Skyrme hadrodynamics with heavy quarks/mesons

Inclusion of heavy flavors into the Skyrme model for quantum hadrodynamics:

Inclusion of strange quarks/kaons

Inclusion of strange quarks/kaons into the Skyrme model:

• Curtis Callan, Igor Klebanov, Bound-state approach to strangeness in the Skyrme model, Nuclear Physics B Volume 262, Issue 2, 16 December 1985, Pages 365-382 (doi10.1016/0550-3213(85)90292-5)

• Curtis Callan, K. Hornbostel, Igor Klebanov, Baryon masses in the bound state approach to strangeness in the skyrme model, Physics Letters B Volume 202, Issue 2, 3 March 1988, Pages 269-275 (doi10.1016/0370-2693(88)90022-6)

• Norberto Scoccola, D. P. Min, H. Nadeau, Mannque Rho, The strangeness problem: An $SU(3)$ skyrmion with vector mesons, Nuclear Physics A Volume 505, Issues 3–4, 25 December 1989, Pages 497-524 (doi:10.1016/0375-9474(89)90029-8)

Review:

• Igor Klebanov, section 6 of: Strangeness in the Skyrme model, in: D. Vauthrin, F. Lenz, J. W. Negele, Hadrons and Hadronic Matter, Plenum Press 1989 (doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-1336-6)

• Mannque Rho, Section 2.2 of: Cheshire Cat Hadrons, Phys. Rept. 240 (1994) 1-142 (arXiv:hep-ph/9310300, doi:10.1016/0370-1573(94)90002-7)

Inclusion of charm quarks/D-mesons

Inclusion of charm quarks/D-mesons into the Skyrme model:

• Mannque Rho, D. O. Riska, Norberto Scoccola, Charmed baryons as soliton - D meson bound states, Phys. Lett.B 251 (1990) 597-602 (spire:297771, doi:10.1016/0370-2693(90)90802-D)

• Yongseok Oh, Dong-Pil Min, Mannque Rho, Norberto Scoccola, Massive-quark baryons as skyrmions: Magnetic moments, Nuclear Physics A Volume 534, Issues 3–4 (1991) Pages 493-512 (doi:10.1016/0375-9474(91)90458-I)

Inclusion of bottom quarks/B-mesons

Inclusion of further heavy flavors beyond strange quark/kaons, namely charm quarks/D-mesons and bottom quarks/B-mesons, into the Skyrme model:

• Mannque Rho, D. O. Riska, Norberto Scoccola, The energy levels of the heavy flavour baryons in the topological soliton model, Zeitschrift für Physik A Hadrons and Nuclei volume 341, pages 343–352 (1992) (doi:10.1007/BF01283544)

• Arshad Momen, Joseph Schechter, Anand Subbaraman, Heavy Quark Solitons: Strangeness and Symmetry Breaking, Phys. Rev. D49:5970-5978, 1994 (arXiv:hep-ph/9401209)

• Yongseok Oh, Byung-Yoon Park, Dong-Pil Min, Heavy Baryons as Skyrmion with $1/m_Q$ Corrections, Phys. Rev. D49 (1994) 4649-4658 (arXiv:hep-ph/9402205)

Review:

• Mannque Rho, Massive-quark baryons as Skyrmions, Modern Physics Letters A, Vol. 06, No. 23 (1991) (doi:10.1142/S0217732391002268)

• Norberto Scoccola, Heavy quark skyrmions, (arXiv:0905.2722, doi:10.1142/9789814280709_0004), Chapter 4 in: The Multifaceted Skyrmion, World Scientific 2016 (doi:10.1142/9710)

Flavour anomalies

On flavour physics and potential flavour anomalies in kaon-decays:

• Andrzej Buras, The Revival of Kaon Flavour Physics, EPJ Web Conf. Volume 129, 2016 (arXiv:1609.05711, doi:10.1051/epjconf/201612900050)

• Andrzej Buras, The Return of Kaon Flavour Physics, Acta Phys. Pol. B 49, 1043 (2018) (doi:10.5506/APhysPolB.49.1043)

• Xiao-Gang He, Xiao-Dong Ma, Jusak Tandean, German Valencia, Breaking the Grossman-Nir Bound in Kaon Decays (arXiv:2002.05467)

• Teppei Kitahara, Takemichi Okui, Gilad Perez, Yotam Soreq, Kohsaku Tobioka, New physics implications of recent search for $K_L \to \pi_0 \nu \bar \nu$ at KOTO (arXiv:1909.11111)