nLab B meson

Idea

In the standard model of particle physics a B-meson is a meson which is a bound state of a bottom quark and any other quark from the first two generations of fermions (up quark or down quark or strange quark or charm quark).

Hence the class of B-mesons goes along side that of K-mesons (light mnesons with a strange quark) and D-mesons (light meson with a charm quark).

flavors of fundamental fermions in the standard model of particle physics:
generation of fermions	1st generation	2nd generation	3d generation
quarks ($q$)
up-type	up quark ($u$)	charm quark ($c$)	top quark ($t$)
down-type	down quark ($d$)	strange quark ($s$)	bottom quark ($b$)
leptons
charged	electron	muon	tauon
neutral	electron neutrino	muon neutrino	tau neutrino
bound states:
mesons	light mesons: pion ($u d$) ρ-meson ($u d$) ω-meson ($u d$) f1-meson a1-meson	strange-mesons: ϕ-meson ($s \bar s$), kaon, K*-meson ($u s$, $d s$) eta-meson ($u u + d d + s s$) charmed heavy mesons: D-meson ($u c$, $d c$, $s c$) J/ψ-meson ($c \bar c$)	bottom heavy mesons: B-meson ($q b$) ϒ-meson ($b \bar b$)
baryons	nucleons: proton $(u u d)$ neutron $(u d d)$

Current experiments studying B-meson physics are the \

• LHCb experiment

• Belle experiment

• BaBar experiment

All these are increasingly seeing flavour anomalies (see there) in $B$-meson decays at high statistical significance, pointing to physics beyond the standard model of particle physics.

Related concepts

• upsilon-meson

• K-meson, D-meson

• pion, omega meson, rho meson

• XYZ meson

• B-meson experiments

  • LHCb experiment

  • Belle collaboration

  • BaBar experiment

• B-baryon: Lambda baryon

• observations

  • flavour anomaly

  • V_cb puzzle

  • pentaquark

References

General

• Patrick Koppenburg, Zdenek Dolezal, Maria Smizanska, Rare decays of b hadrons, Scholarpedia, 11(6):32643 (doi:10.4249/scholarpedia.32643)

See also

• Wikipedia, B meson

Semileptonic decay

semileptonic decay:

Review:

• R. Casalbuoni, A. Deandrea, N.Di Bartolomeo, F. Feruglio, R. Gatto, G. Nardulli, Phenomenology of Heavy Meson Chiral Lagrangians, Phys. Rept. 281:145-238, 1997 (arXiv:hep-ph/9605342)

• Jochen Dingfelder, Thomas Mannel, Leptonic and semileptonic decays of $B$ mesons, Rev. Mod. Phys. 88 (2016) 3, 035008 (spire:1488176, doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.88.035008)

See also

• J. P. Lees et al. (BABAR Collaboration), Measurement of the $B^+ \to \omega \ell^+ \nu$ branching fraction with semileptonically tagged B mesons, Phys. Rev. D 88, 072006 (2013) (doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.88.072006)

• Xian-Wei Kang, Tao Luo, Yi Zhang, Ling-Yun Dai, Chao Wang, Semileptonic $B$ and $B_s$ decays involving scalar and axial-vector mesons, Eur. Phys. J. C 78, 909 (2018) (doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-018-6385-9)

Skyrme hadrodynamics with heavy quarks/mesons

Inclusion of heavy flavors into the Skyrme model for quantum hadrodynamics:

Inclusion of strange quarks/kaons

Inclusion of strange quarks/kaons into the Skyrme model:

• Curtis Callan, Igor Klebanov, Bound-state approach to strangeness in the Skyrme model, Nuclear Physics B Volume 262, Issue 2, 16 December 1985, Pages 365-382 (doi10.1016/0550-3213(85)90292-5)

• Curtis Callan, K. Hornbostel, Igor Klebanov, Baryon masses in the bound state approach to strangeness in the skyrme model, Physics Letters B Volume 202, Issue 2, 3 March 1988, Pages 269-275 (doi10.1016/0370-2693(88)90022-6)

• Norberto Scoccola, D. P. Min, H. Nadeau, Mannque Rho, The strangeness problem: An $SU(3)$ skyrmion with vector mesons, Nuclear Physics A Volume 505, Issues 3–4, 25 December 1989, Pages 497-524 (doi:10.1016/0375-9474(89)90029-8)

Review:

• Igor Klebanov, section 6 of: Strangeness in the Skyrme model, in: D. Vauthrin, F. Lenz, J. W. Negele, Hadrons and Hadronic Matter, Plenum Press 1989 (doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-1336-6)

• Mannque Rho, Section 2.2 of: Cheshire Cat Hadrons, Phys. Rept. 240 (1994) 1-142 (arXiv:hep-ph/9310300, doi:10.1016/0370-1573(94)90002-7)

Inclusion of charm quarks/D-mesons

Inclusion of charm quarks/D-mesons into the Skyrme model:

• Mannque Rho, D. O. Riska, Norberto Scoccola, Charmed baryons as soliton - D meson bound states, Phys. Lett.B 251 (1990) 597-602 (spire:297771, doi:10.1016/0370-2693(90)90802-D)

• Yongseok Oh, Dong-Pil Min, Mannque Rho, Norberto Scoccola, Massive-quark baryons as skyrmions: Magnetic moments, Nuclear Physics A Volume 534, Issues 3–4 (1991) Pages 493-512 (doi:10.1016/0375-9474(91)90458-I)

Inclusion of bottom quarks/B-mesons

Inclusion of further heavy flavors beyond strange quark/kaons, namely charm quarks/D-mesons and bottom quarks/B-mesons, into the Skyrme model:

• Mannque Rho, D. O. Riska, Norberto Scoccola, The energy levels of the heavy flavour baryons in the topological soliton model, Zeitschrift für Physik A Hadrons and Nuclei volume 341, pages 343–352 (1992) (doi:10.1007/BF01283544)

• Arshad Momen, Joseph Schechter, Anand Subbaraman, Heavy Quark Solitons: Strangeness and Symmetry Breaking, Phys. Rev. D49:5970-5978, 1994 (arXiv:hep-ph/9401209)

• Yongseok Oh, Byung-Yoon Park, Dong-Pil Min, Heavy Baryons as Skyrmion with $1/m_Q$ Corrections, Phys. Rev. D49 (1994) 4649-4658 (arXiv:hep-ph/9402205)

Review:

• Mannque Rho, Massive-quark baryons as Skyrmions, Modern Physics Letters A, Vol. 06, No. 23 (1991) (doi:10.1142/S0217732391002268)

• Norberto Scoccola, Heavy quark skyrmions, (arXiv:0905.2722, doi:10.1142/9789814280709_0004), Chapter 4 in: The Multifaceted Skyrmion, World Scientific 2016 (doi:10.1142/9710)

In holographic QCD

Discussion in holographic light front QCD:

• Mohammad Ahmady, Holographic light-front QCD in B meson phenomenology (arXiv:2001.00266)