# nLab CartSp

### Context

#### Differential geometry

synthetic differential geometry

Introductions

from point-set topology to differentiable manifolds

Differentials

V-manifolds

smooth space

Tangency

The magic algebraic facts

Theorems

Axiomatics

cohesion

tangent cohesion

differential cohesion

graded differential cohesion

$\array{ && id &\dashv& id \\ && \vee && \vee \\ &\stackrel{fermionic}{}& \rightrightarrows &\dashv& \rightsquigarrow & \stackrel{bosonic}{} \\ && \bot && \bot \\ &\stackrel{bosonic}{} & \rightsquigarrow &\dashv& Rh & \stackrel{rheonomic}{} \\ && \vee && \vee \\ &\stackrel{reduced}{} & \Re &\dashv& \Im & \stackrel{infinitesimal}{} \\ && \bot && \bot \\ &\stackrel{infinitesimal}{}& \Im &\dashv& \& & \stackrel{\text{étale}}{} \\ && \vee && \vee \\ &\stackrel{cohesive}{}& ʃ &\dashv& \flat & \stackrel{discrete}{} \\ && \bot && \bot \\ &\stackrel{discrete}{}& \flat &\dashv& \sharp & \stackrel{continuous}{} \\ && \vee && \vee \\ && \emptyset &\dashv& \ast }$

Models

Lie theory, ∞-Lie theory

differential equations, variational calculus

Chern-Weil theory, ∞-Chern-Weil theory

Cartan geometry (super, higher)

# Contents

## Definition

###### Definition

Write $CartSp$ for the category whose

• objects are Cartesian spaces $\mathbb{R}^n$ for $n \in \mathbb{N}$;

• morphisms are suitable structure-preserving functions between these spaces.

For definiteness we write

$CartSp_{lin}$ for the category whose objects are Cartesian spaces regarded as real vector spaces and whose morphisms are linear functions between these;

## Properties

### As a small category of objects with a basis

A Cartesian space carries a lot of structure, for instance CartSp may be naturally regarded as a full subcategory of the category $C$, for $C$ (any one of) the category of

In all these cases, the inclusion $CartSp \hookrightarrow C$ is an equivalence of categories: choosing an isomorphism from any of these objects to a Cartesian space amounts to choosing a basis of a vector space, a coordinate system.

### As a site

###### Definition

Write

• CartSp${}_{top}$ for the category whose objects are Cartesian spaces and whose morphisms are all continuous maps between these.

• CartSp${}_{smooth}$ for the category whose objects are Cartesian spaces and whose morphisms are all smooth functions between these.

• CartSp${}_{synthdiff}$ for the full subcategory of the category of smooth loci on those of the form $\mathbb{R}^n \times D$ for $D$ an infinitesimal space (the formal dual of a Weil algebra).

###### Proposition

In all three cases there is the good open cover coverage that makes CartSp a site.

###### Proof

For CartSp${}_{top}$ this is obvious. For CartSp${}_{smooth}$ this is somewhat more subtle. It is a folk theorem (see the references at open ball). A detailed proof is at good open cover. This directly carries over to $CartSp_{synthdiff}$.

###### Proposition

Equipped with this structure of a site, CartSp is an ∞-cohesive site.

The corresponding cohesive topos of sheaves is

• $Sh_{(1,1)}(CartSp_{smooth})$, discussed at diffeological space.

• $Sh_{(1,1)}(CartSp_{synthdiff})$, discussed at Cahiers topos.

The corresponding cohesive (∞,1)-topos of (∞,1)-sheaves is

• $Sh_{(\infty,1)}(CartSp_{top}) =$ ETop∞Grpd;

• $Sh_{(\infty,1)}(CartSp_{smooth}) =$ Smooth∞Grpd;

• $Sh_{(\infty,1)}(CartSp_{synthdiff}) =$ SynthDiff∞Grpd;

###### Corollary

We have equivalences of categories

• $Sh(CartSp_{top}) \simeq Sh(TopMfd)$

• $Sh(CartSp_{smooth}) \simeq Sh(Diff)$

• $Sh_{(\infty,1)}(CartSp_{top}) \simeq Sh_{(\infty,1)}(TopMfd)$;

• $Sh_{(\infty,1)}(CartSp_{smooth}) \simeq Sh_{(\infty,1)}(Diff)$.

###### Proof

The first two statements follow by the above proposition with the comparison lemma discussed at dense sub-site.

For the second condition notice that since an ∞-cohesive site is in particular an ∞-local site we have that $Sh_{(\infty,1)}(CartSp)$ is a local (∞,1)-topos. As discussed there, this implies that it is a hypercomplete (∞,1)-topos. By the discussion at model structure on simplicial presheaves this means that it is presented by the Joyal-Jardine-model structure on simplicial sheaves $Sh(CartSp)^{\Delta^{op}}_{loc}$. The claim then follows with the first two statements.

### As a category with open maps

There is a canonical structure of a category with open maps on $CartSp$ (…)

### As an algebraic theory

The category $CartSp$ is (the syntactic category of ) a Lawvere theory: the theory for smooth algebras.

### As a pre-geometry

Equipped with the above coverage-structure, open map-structure and Lawvere theory-property, $CartSp$ is essentially a pregeometry (for structured (∞,1)-toposes).

(Except that the pullback stability of the open maps holds only in the weaker sense of coverages).

(…)

A development of differential geometry as as geometry modeled on $CartSp$ is discussed, with an eye towards applications in physics, in geometry of physics.

The sheaf topos over $CartSp_{smooth}$ is that of smooth spaces.

The (∞,1)-sheaf (∞,1)-topos over $CartSp_{top}$ is discussed at ETop∞Grpd, that over $CartSp_{smooth}$ at Smooth∞Grpd, and that over $CartSp_{synthdiff}$ at SynthDiff∞Grpd.

The generalization of $CartSp$ to formal smooth manifolds is FormalCartSp.

## References

In secton 2 of

$CartSp$ is discussed as an example of a “cartesian differential category”.

There are various slight variations of the category $CartSp$ (many of them equivalent) that one can consider without changing its basic properties as a category of test spaces for generalized smooth spaces. A different choice that enjoys some popularity in the literature is the category of open (contractible) subsets of Euclidean spaces. For more references on this see diffeological space.

The site $CartSp_{synthdiff}$ of infinitesimally thickened Cartesian spaces is known as the site for the Cahiers topos. It is considered in detail in section 5 of

and briefly mentioned in example 2) on p. 191 of

following the original article

With an eye towards Frölicher spaces the site is also considered in section 5 of

• Hirokazu Nishimura, Beyond the Regnant Philosophy of Manifolds (arXiv:0912.0827)

category: category

Revised on April 23, 2015 09:18:49 by Urs Schreiber (195.113.30.252)