fields and particles in particle physics
and in the standard model of particle physics:
matter field fermions (spinors, Dirac fields)
flavors of fundamental fermions in the standard model of particle physics: | |||
---|---|---|---|
generation of fermions | 1st generation | 2nd generation | 3d generation |
quarks () | |||
up-type | up quark () | charm quark () | top quark () |
down-type | down quark () | strange quark () | bottom quark () |
leptons | |||
charged | electron | muon | tauon |
neutral | electron neutrino | muon neutrino | tau neutrino |
bound states: | |||
mesons | light mesons: pion () ρ-meson () ω-meson () f1-meson a1-meson | strange-mesons: ϕ-meson (), kaon, K*-meson (, ) eta-meson () charmed heavy mesons: D-meson (, , ) J/ψ-meson () | bottom heavy mesons: B-meson () ϒ-meson () |
baryons | nucleons: proton neutron |
(also: antiparticles)
hadrons (bound states of the above quarks)
minimally extended supersymmetric standard model
bosinos:
dark matter candidates
Exotica
In particle physics, gauge-Higgs unification (Manton 79, Hosotani 83) also known as the Hosotani mechanism (see Hosotani 12) refers to hypothetical models of particle physics where the Higgs field on 4d spacetimes arises as a component of a gauge field in higher dimensions, either after Kaluza-Klein compactification or by passage to a 4d asymptotic boundary in a Randall-Sundrum model or similar.
graphics grabbed from Lim 09
Gauge-Higgs unification is naturally combined with grand unification of gauge groups, whence one then also speaks of gauge-Higgs grand unification (e.g. Hosotani-Yamatsu 15). Also the Connes-Lott models realize gauge-Higgs unification, in a non-commutative geometric KK-compactification.
Attractive aspects of gauge-Higgs unification include the following:
a potential for providing a mechanism behind the Higgs-sector in the standard model of particle physics which could possibly solve the naturalness/hierarchy problem (e.g. Kaul 08, Csáki-Tanedo 13).
As such, gauge-Higgs unification is a possible alternative to MSSM-models.
a mechanism for ruling out proton decay in GUT-models, see below.
Gauge-Higgs grand unification is claimed to predict stability of the proton, hence no proton decay (Hosotani-Yamatsu 15, Furui-Hosotani-Yamatsu 16, Sec. 2.6 Hosotani 17, Section 6).
The mechanism is due to
Nicholas Manton, A new six-dimensional approach to the Weinberg-Salam model, Nuclear Physics B Volume 158, Issue 1, 8 October 1979, Pages 141-153 (doi:10.1016/0550-3213(79)90192-5)
Yutaka Hosotani, Dynamical Mass Generation by Compact Extra Dimensions, Phys. Lett. 126B (1983) 309-313 (spire:188768, doi:10.1016/0370-2693(83)90170-3)
Yutaka Hosotani, Dynamics of non-integrable phases and gauge symmetry breaking, Annals of Physics Volume 190, Issue 2, March 1989, Pages 233-253 (doi:10.1016/0003-4916(89)90015-8)
and was revived with:
Review:
Yutaka Hosotani, Gauge-Higgs Unification Approach, AIP Conference Proceedings 1467, 208 (2012) (arXiv:1206.0552)
Csaba Csáki, Philip Tanedo, Beyond the Standard Model, lectures at 2013 European School of High-Energy Physics, 2013 (doi:10.5170/CERN-2015-004.169)
Deatiled phenomenology:
Naoyuki Haba, Kazunori Takenaga, Toshifumi Yamashita, Higgs mass in the gauge-Higgs unification, Phys. Lett. B615 (2005) 247-256 (arXiv:hep-ph/0411250)
C. S. Lim, Precision Tests and CP Violation in Gauge-Higgs Unification, 2009 (slides pdf)
Jason Carson, Nobuchika Okada, 125 GeV Higgs boson mass from 5D gauge-Higgs unification, Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Volume 2018, Issue 3, March 2018, 033B03 (doi:10.1093/ptep/pty018)
Discussion in view of naturalness/hierarchy problem:
Discussion in Spin(11)-GUT (“SO(11)-GUT”):
Yutaka Hosotani, Naoki Yamatsu, Gauge–Higgs grand unification, Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Volume 2015, Issue 11, November 2015 (arXiv:1504.03817, doi:10.1093/ptep/ptw116)
Atsushi Furui, Yutaka Hosotani, Naoki Yamatsu, Toward Realistic Gauge-Higgs Grand Unification, Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Volume 2016, Issue 9, September 2016, 093B01 (arXiv:1606.07222)
Yutaka Hosotani, Gauge-Higgs EW and Grand Unification, International Journal of Modern Physics AVol. 31, No. 20n21, 1630031 (2016) (arXiv:1606.08108)
Yutaka Hosotani, New dimensions from gauge-Higgs unification (arXiv:1702.08161)
Yutaka Hosotani, Naoki Yamatsu, Electroweak Symmetry Breaking and Mass Spectra in Six-Dimensional Gauge-Higgs Grand Unification (arXiv:1710.04811)
Discussion in Spin(11)-GUT (“SO(11)-GUT”):
S. Rajpoot and P. Sithikong, Implications of the gauge symmetry for grand unification, Phys. Rev. D 23, 1649 (1981) (doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.23.1649)
Takaaki Nomura, Joe Sato, Standard(-like) Model from an Grand Unified Theory in six-dimensions with extra-space, Nucl.Phys.B811:109-122, 2009 (arXiv:0810.0898)
Takaaki Nomura, Physics beyond the standard model with extra-space, 2009 (pdf, pdf)
Cheng-Wei Chiang, Takaaki Nomura, Joe Sato, Gauge-Higgs unification models in six dimensions with extra space and GUT gauge symmetry (arXiv:1109.5835)
Last revised on June 4, 2024 at 03:50:34. See the history of this page for a list of all contributions to it.