quantum algorithms:
Coherent states are members of special overcomplete families of elements (usually in the projectivization) of Hilbert space of states of certain systems in quantum mechanics. This entry is mainly about Perelomov style CS, see a separate page for Hall coherent states. Coherence in the sense of quantum optics, and in the sense of statistical density matrix is one of the features of these very specifical objects in mathematical physics (thus coherent quantum states would be states of high degree of features of coherence in those senses, rather than refering to the specific families in mathematical physics).
The most classical coherent states of E. Schrödinger (1926, coherent refers to its meaning in optics) are the elements in which are the eigenfunctions of the annihilation operators , ; the eigenvalues are complex numbers and all complex numbers appear in that way; more precisely the coherent states are parametrized by numbers in , and there is a measure on providing the resolution of unity formula
Coherent states however are not mutually orthogonal; they form an overcomplete family of states: not only that every vector in can be expressed in terms of them but rather in more than one way and we can throw certain coherent states out and not to spoil the property (how many and which is a more subtle question). Thus expressing states in terms of coherent states is sort of Fourier analysis; in fact this approach is taken in a variant called wavelet analysis. Coherent states are minimizing the uncertainty relations, closest to classical states in their behaviour; their probability density is Gaussian. Vectors in the Hilbert space can be represented in the coherent state representation: ; if is in then is a holomorphic function and this passage is called the Bargmann-Segal transform (referring to Irving Segal); this way certain Hilbert space of holomorphic function appears, the Bargmann-Fock space. The evolution of formally satisfies the classical Newton equations of motion.
In general, projection operators and the scalar measure do not separate, in fact instead of one considers more general projection measure (descriptively a “measure” with values in self-adjoint projection operators on a separable Hilbert space) on a more general geometric space replacing which is normalized to 1 on the whole space. Symbollically we can still pretend that the projective measure is of the form where is an ordinary (scalar-valued) measure.
The basic example of the space is the homogeneous space where is a compact Lie group, its complexification, maximal compact subgroup and the Borel subgroup. Generalized flag manifold is naturally a compact complex manifold, in fact Kähler. Fix a unitary character which uniquely extends to a character of the complexification; let be the corresponding 1-dimensional representation. Then let be the associated line bundle. It is equipped with a natural holomorphic structure and hermitean scalar product; the space of holomorphic (or antiholomorphic depending on conventions in the construction) sections of that bundle is finite-dimensional and irreducible by Borel-Weil theorem. Perelomov coherent states on that bundle are the elements of the orbit of of the heighest (equivalently lowest) weight vector (or equivalently of : the real and complex orbits are equal). The covariant generalized uncertainty relations (ref. by Onofri, below) correspond to the expression for a quantity proportional to negative of the square of the moment map (see ref. by Spera, below), which is naturally extremal on symplectic orbits. These coherent states can also be realized as the duals (according to Riesz theorem, that is dual vectors in a Hilbert space) to the evaluation functionals on the space of sections: take a point in the space of a line bundle and then divide it by the value of the section on the projection of to the homogeneous space. Up to a scalar, coherent states do not depend on the choice of the point on the line, hence this yields a holomorphic embedding of to the projectivization of the representation space, so called coherent states embedding. The rays are the coherent states and the choices with scalar multiple accounted for are the coherent vectors. These coherent vectors are normalized by the measure which is the push down of the measure form to . The classical coherent states appear in noncompact case where the group in question is the Heisenberg group, and the covariant uncertainty relations are the usual ones.
Textbook account:
Projection valued measures are central objects in the theory of (general) coherent states.
Perelomov coherent states for Lie groups are introduced in
A geometric approach via a pre-quantization line bundle is in
J. H. Rawnsley, Coherent states and Kähler manifolds, Quart. J. Math. Oxford (2), 28 (1977), pp. 403–415
F. A. Berezin, Quantization, Math. USSR Izv., 8 (1974), 1109-1163. MR 0395610 (52:16404)
Mauro Spera, On a generalized uncertainty principle, coherent states and the moment map, J. of Geometry and Physics 12 (1993) 165-182.
The ramifications of the classical coherent states is in
V. Bargmann, On a Hilbert space of analytic functions and an associated integral transform, Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics 14 (1961) 187-214 MR0157250 doi
Enrico Onofri, A note on coherent state representations of Lie groups, J. Math. Phys. 16:5, 1087-1089, may 1975.
Wojciech Lisiecki, Coherent state representations. A survey, Reports on Mathematical Physics 35:2–3 (1995) 327–358 doi
Mauro Spera, On a generalized uncertainty principle, coherent states and the moment map, J. of Geometry and Physics 12 (1993) 165–182.
for physical aspects wikipedia:Coherent_state.
V. V. Kisil, Integral representations and coherent states, Bulletin of the Belgian Mathematical Society, v. 2 (1995), No 5, 529–540.
Thomas Appl, Diethard H Schiller, Generalized hypergeometric coherent states, J. Phys A37:7 (2004) 2731 doi
Mauro Spera, On Kahlerian coherent states, in Proc. Int. Conf. on Geometry, Integrability and Quantization 241–256, Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulg. Acad. Sci. 2000.
Rukmini Dey, Kohinoor Ghosh, Pullback coherent and squeezed states and quantization, arXiv:2108.08082
J. P. Antoine, F. Bagarello, J. P. Gazeau (eds) Coherent States and Their Applications. Springer Proceedings in Physics 205
Coherent states can be generalized to noncommutative geometry, most notably for quantum groups:
H. Sazdjian, Y.S. Stanev, I.T. Todorov, SU(3)-coherent state operators and invariant correlation functions and their quantum group counterparts, J. Math. Phys. 36 (1995) 2030–2052 doi arXiv:hep-th/9409027
B. Jurčo, P. Štoviček, Coherent states for quantum compact groups, Comm. Math. Phys. 182 (1996), pp. 221–251; hep-th/9403114
Branislav Jurčo, P. Šťovíček, Quantum dressing orbits on compact groups, Commun. Math. Physics 152 (1993) 97–126 doi
Z. Škoda, Coherent states for Hopf algebras, Letters in Mathematical Physics 81, N.1, pp. 1-17, July 2007; distinct earlier version, arXiv: math.QA/0303357
N. Aizawa, R. Chakrabarti, Coherent state on homogeneous space, J. Phys. A 42:29 arXiv:0905.0194.
Last revised on October 8, 2024 at 18:07:43. See the history of this page for a list of all contributions to it.