nLab para-complex structure

Contents

Context

homotopy theory, (∞,1)-category theory, homotopy type theory

flavors: stable, equivariant, rational, p-adic, proper, geometric, cohesive, directed

models: topological, simplicial, localic, …

see also algebraic topology

Introductions

Definitions

Paths and cylinders

Homotopy groups

Basic facts

Theorems

Manifolds and cobordisms

Complex geometry

Differential geometry

synthetic differential geometry

Introductions

from point-set topology to differentiable manifolds

geometry of physics: coordinate systems, smooth spaces, manifolds, smooth homotopy types, supergeometry

Differentials

V-manifolds

smooth space

Tangency

The magic algebraic facts

Theorems

Axiomatics

cohesion

infinitesimal cohesion

tangent cohesion

differential cohesion

graded differential cohesion

singular cohesion

id id fermionic bosonic bosonic Rh rheonomic reduced infinitesimal infinitesimal & étale cohesive ʃ discrete discrete continuous * \array{ && id &\dashv& id \\ && \vee && \vee \\ &\stackrel{fermionic}{}& \rightrightarrows &\dashv& \rightsquigarrow & \stackrel{bosonic}{} \\ && \bot && \bot \\ &\stackrel{bosonic}{} & \rightsquigarrow &\dashv& \mathrm{R}\!\!\mathrm{h} & \stackrel{rheonomic}{} \\ && \vee && \vee \\ &\stackrel{reduced}{} & \Re &\dashv& \Im & \stackrel{infinitesimal}{} \\ && \bot && \bot \\ &\stackrel{infinitesimal}{}& \Im &\dashv& \& & \stackrel{\text{étale}}{} \\ && \vee && \vee \\ &\stackrel{cohesive}{}& \esh &\dashv& \flat & \stackrel{discrete}{} \\ && \bot && \bot \\ &\stackrel{discrete}{}& \flat &\dashv& \sharp & \stackrel{continuous}{} \\ && \vee && \vee \\ && \emptyset &\dashv& \ast }

Models

Lie theory, ∞-Lie theory

differential equations, variational calculus

Chern-Weil theory, ∞-Chern-Weil theory

Cartan geometry (super, higher)

Contents

Idea

Intuitively, a para-complex structure is to a complex structure what the para-complex numbers? (see here for the moment) are to the complex numbers.

Definition

Para-complex structure on vector spaces

Definition

Let VV be a finite dimensional real vector space. A para-complex structure on VV is a nontrivial involution IEnd(V)I\in \text{End}(V) , i.e., I 2=IdI^2=\text{Id} and IIdI\neq Id, such that the two eigenspaces V ±:=ker(IdI)V^{\pm}:= \text{ker}(Id\mp I) of II are of the same dimension. A vector space VV endowed with a para-complex structure is known as a para-complex vector space.

Definition

An almost para-complex manifold is a smooth manifold MM with an endomorphism field IΓ(EndTM)I\in \Gamma(\text{End}TM) such that for all pMp\in M, I pI_p is a para-complex structure on T pMT_p M. A splitting

TM=L +L TM = L_{+} \oplus L_{-}

on eigenspaces associated with eigenvalues ±\pm of JJ is an almost para-complex structure on MM.

References

General:

Last revised on November 2, 2023 at 18:43:04. See the history of this page for a list of all contributions to it.