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Type II geometry (often doubled geometry as in “double field theory”) is to Riemannian geometry as generalized complex geometry is to complex geometry.
Where the latter is the geometry induced by reduction of the structure group of the generalized tangent bundle of an even dimensional manifold along the inclusion of the indefinite unitary group into the orthogonal group, type II geometry is the geometry induced by reduction along the inclusion of the product of orthogonal groups
which is the inclusion of the maximal compact subgroup into the Narain group.
This notion takes its name from the fact that it describes a good bit of the geometry of type II supergravity.
The definition of type II geometry proceeds in direct analogy with that of Riemannian geometry in terms of orthogonal structure/vielbein fields on the tangent bundle, generalized here to the generalized tangent bundle:
(…)
We discuss how a type II geometry is the reduction of the structure group of the generalized tangent bundle along the inclusion .
Consider the Lie group inclusion
of those orthogonal transformations, that preserve the positive definite part or the negative definite part of the bilinear form of signature , respectively.
If is presented as the group of -matrices that preserve the bilinear form given by the -matrix
then this inclusion sends a pair of orthogonal -matrices to the matrix
This inclusion of Lie groups induces the corresponding morphism of smooth moduli stacks of principal bundles
There is a fiber sequence of smooth stacks
where the fiber on the left is the coset space of the action of on .
There is a canonical embedding
of the general linear group.
In the above matrix presentation this is given by sending
where in the bottom right corner we have the transpose of the inverse matrix of the invertble matrix .
Under inclusion of def. , the tangent bundle of a -dimensional manifold defines an -cocycle
The vector bundle canonically associated to this composite cocycles may canonically be identified with the direct sum vector bundle , and so we will refer to this cocycle by these symbols, as indicated. This is also called the generalized tangent bundle of .
Therefore we may canonically consider the groupoid of -twisted -structures, according to the general notion of twisted differential c-structures.
More generally, instead of one considers bundle extensions of the form
These may have structure froups in but not in the inclusion . For more on this see the section Geometric and non-geometric type II geometries below. Accordingly, in all of the following could be replaced by a more general extension .
A type II generalized vielbein on a smooth manifold is a diagram
in Smooth∞Grpd, hence a cocycle in the smooth twisted cohomology
The groupoid is that of “generalized vielbein fields” on , as considered for instance around equation (2.24) of (GMPW) (there only locally, but the globalization is evident).
In particular, its set of equivalence classes is the set of type-II generalized geometry structures on .
Over a local coordinate chart , the most general such generalized vielbein (hence the most general -valued function) may be parameterized as
where are thought of as two ordinary vielbein fields, and where is any smooth skew-symmetric -matrix valued function on .
By an -gauge transformation this can always be brought into a form where such that
The corresponding “generalized metric” over is
where
is the metric (over a smooth function with values in symmetric -matrices) given by the ordinary vielbein .
An element in which in the canonical matrix presentation is of the block form
is called a -transform. An element of the block form
is called a -transform. The subgroup
generated by and the B-transforms, hence that of matrices with vaishing top right block is called the geometric subgroup (e.g. GMPW, p.5).
A type II background where the structure group of the generalized tangent bundle is not in the inclusion of the geometric subgroup is often called a non-geometric background (e.g. GMPW, section 5).
The target space geometry for type II superstrings in the NS-NS sector , type II supergravity, is naturally encoded by type II geometry.
…
The appearance of type II geometry in type II supergravity/type II string theory is discussed for instance in
Ian Ellwood, NS-NS fluxes in Hitchin’s generalized geometry (arXiv:hep-th/0612100)
Mariana Graña, Ruben Minasian, Michela Petrini, Daniel Waldram, T-duality, Generalized Geometry and Non-Geometric Backgrounds (arXiv:0807.4527)
The genuine reformulation of type II supergravity as a -gauge/gravity theory is in
In
the geometry of the reduction was referred to as “type I geometry”, with “type II geometry” instead referring to further U-duality group extensions, discussed at exceptional generalized geometry.
See also for para-Hermitian manifolds:
Much of the discussion of type II geometry has in fact been purely bosonic, ignoring the super-geometry of supergravity.
In contrast, discussion combining doubled geometry with super-geometry includes the following:
Machiko Hatsuda, Kiyoshi Kamimura, Warren Siegel, Superspace with manifest T-duality from type II superstring, J. High Energ. Phys. (2014) 2014: 39 (arXiv:1403.3887)
Igor Bandos, Superstring in doubled superspace, Physics Letters B Volume 751, 17 December 2015, Pages 408-412 (arXiv:1507.07779)
Martin Cederwall, Double supergeometry, J. High Energ. Phys. (2016) 155 (arXiv:1603.04684)
Bojan Nikolić, Branislav Sazdović, T-dualization of type II superstring theory in double space, Eur. Phys. J. C77 (2017) no.3, 197 (arXiv:1505.06044)
Domenico Fiorenza, Hisham Sati, Urs Schreiber, Section 6 of: T-Duality from super Lie n-algebra cocycles for super p-branes, ATMP Volume 22 (2018) Number 5 (arXiv:1611.06536)
Bojan Nikolić, Branislav Sazdović, Advantage of the second-order formalism in double space T-dualization of type II superstring (arXiv:1907.03571)
See also the references on the corresponding super-geometry-enhancement of exceptional generalized geometry: Super-exceptional geometry – References
Last revised on January 14, 2023 at 05:31:05. See the history of this page for a list of all contributions to it.