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The de Rham theorem (named after Georges de Rham) asserts that the de Rham cohomology of a smooth manifold (without boundary) is isomorphic to the real cohomology , hence its ordinary cohomology with real number coefficients, as computed for instance by the singular or Čech cohomology with real coefficients.
The theorem has several dozens of different proofs. For example in the Čech approach one can make a double complex whose first row is the Čech complex of a covering and first column is the de Rham complex and other entries are mixed and use spectral sequence argument (see the textbook of Bott and Tu, or the geometry lectures book by Postnikov, semester III).
This is maybe best formulated, understood and proven in the context of abelian sheaf cohomology:
Write for
the abelian group
regarded not as a Lie group with the standard manifold structure on but as a topologically discrete group on the underlying set of
and then regarded as a sheaf on : the constant sheaf that sends connected to the set of constant maps .
Write for the corresponding Eilenberg-MacLane object in chain complexes of sheaves of abelian groups: this is the complex of sheaves with in degree :
Next, write (without the subscript !) for the Deligne complex for
(The notation here is borrowed from that used at motivation for sheaves, cohomology and higher stacks: we can think of as a differential refinement of the object ).
Then we have:
“ordinary” -valued cohomology of is the abelian sheaf cohomology with coefficients in .
de Rham cohomology of is the abelian sheaf cohomology with coefficients in (this is semi-obvious, requires a bit more discussion).
the Poincare lemma says that every closed differential form is locally exact, and hence there is a quasi-isomorphism of chain complexes of sheaves
given by injecting for each the set as the constant functions into .
It is this quasi-isomorphism of coefficient objects that induces the de Rham isomorphism of abelian sheaf cohomology groups, which is ordinarily written as
…
The equivalence on cohomology asserted by the de Rham theorem is but a decategorification of a more refined statement: a quasi-isomorphism of cochain complexes. This even respects the product structure:
for a smooth manifold there is an equivalence of A-infinity algebras
between the de Rham complex and the collection of singular cochains equipped with the cup product.
This is due to (Gugenheim, 1977).
Furthermore, the E-infinity algebra structure on differential forms (trivially induced by the commutative dga? structure) and singular cochains (as witnessed by the action of the sequence operad of McClure and Smith on singular cochains) is also preserved.
The de Rham theorem also holds internally in the context of suitable smooth toposes modelling the axioms of synthetic differential geometry.
Specifically
the internal singular chain complex in is given as the -linear dual of the free internal -module on the internal hom objects , where is the internal incarnation of the real numbers;
the de Rham complex is given by differential forms in synthetic differential geometry.
The de Rham theorem in then asserts that for a manifold regarded as an object in the well-adapted smooth topos the morphism
in is an isomorphism for all . This implies the standard (external) de Rham theorem.
This is discussed in chapter IV of
A little bit a long these lines for diffeological spaces is also in
de Rham theorem
Textbook accounts:
M M Postnikov, Differentiable manifolds, vol. III of: Lectures on geometry,
Raoul Bott, Loring Tu, Thm. 8.9 & Prop. 10.6 of: Differential Forms in Algebraic Topology, Springer (1982)
Jean Gallier, Jocelyn Quaintance, Ch. 9 in: Homology, Cohomology, and Sheaf Cohomology for Algebraic Topology, Algebraic Geometry, and Differential Geometry, World Scientific (2022) [doi:10.1142/12495, webpage]
Exposition:
In the context of rational homotopy theory:
In the generality of diffeological spaces:
Patrick Iglesias-Zemmour, Une cohomologie de Čech pour les espaces differentiables et sa relation a la cohomologie de De Rham (1988) [pdf, pdf]
Patrick Iglesias-Zemmour, Čech–De Rham bicomplex in diffeology, Israel Journal of Mathematics (2023) 1–38 [doi:10.1007/s11856-023-2486-8]
Emilio Minichiello, The Diffeological Čech-de Rham Obstruction [arXiv:2401.09400]
The refinement of the de Rham theorem from an isomorphism of cohomology groups to an equivalence of A-∞ algebras of cochains and forms was first stated in
proven using Chen’s iterated integrals.
A review is in section 3 of
Last revised on January 20, 2024 at 09:02:17. See the history of this page for a list of all contributions to it.