fields and particles in particle physics
and in the standard model of particle physics:
matter field fermions (spinors, Dirac fields)
| flavors of fundamental fermions in the standard model of particle physics: | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| generation of fermions | 1st generation | 2nd generation | 3d generation |
| quarks () | |||
| up-type | up quark () | charm quark () | top quark () |
| down-type | down quark () | strange quark () | bottom quark () |
| leptons | |||
| charged | electron | muon | tauon |
| neutral | electron neutrino | muon neutrino | tau neutrino |
| bound states: | |||
| mesons | light mesons: pion () ρ-meson () ω-meson () f1-meson a1-meson | strange-mesons: ϕ-meson (), kaon, K*-meson (, ) eta-meson () charmed heavy mesons: D-meson (, , ) J/ψ-meson () | bottom heavy mesons: B-meson () ϒ-meson () |
| baryons | nucleons: proton neutron |
(also: antiparticles)
hadrons (bound states of the above quarks)
minimally extended supersymmetric standard model
bosinos:
dark matter candidates
Exotica
algebraic quantum field theory (perturbative, on curved spacetimes, homotopical)
quantum mechanical system, quantum probability
interacting field quantization
In quantum electrodynamics the square of the coupling constant of the electron-photon interaction is called the fine structure constant
Historically the term originates from the fact via perturbative QFT effects such as the Lamb shift, this constant governs tiny corrections (“fine structure”) to the energy spectrum of the electron in the hydrogen atom.
See also:
Wikipedia, Fine structure constant
Tatsumi Aoyama, Masashi Hayakawa, Toichiro Kinoshita, Makiko Nio, Tenth-Order QED Contribution to the Electron and an Improved Value of the Fine Structure Constant, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 111807 (arXiv:1205.5368, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.111807)
Last revised on August 18, 2021 at 09:29:00. See the history of this page for a list of all contributions to it.