nLab local Lie group

Idea

A local Lie group (rarely also called Lie groupuscule) is a local / stalkwise version of a Lie group, containing information about the product operation in arbitrary small open neighborhoods of the unit element; the multiplication is defined only when the factors are sufficiently close to the unit element, and if the consecutive products of triples in both ways are defined they are associative. To every local Lie group one functorially associates its Lie algebra.

Every real Lie algebra is a Lie algebra of some local Lie group. Or in more modern and precise phrasing, the category of real local Lie groups is equivalent to the category of finite-dimensional real Lie algebras. This has been proved by Sophus Lie as his famous third theorem. The extension to the global Lie theory has been possible only after works of Élie Cartan, who extended the equivalence to the equivalence between the category of finite-dimensional real Lie algebras and connected simply connected Lie groups.

Related concepts

Examples of sequences of local structures

geometry	point	first order infinitesimal	$\subset$	formal = arbitrary order infinitesimal	$\subset$	local = stalkwise	$\subset$	finite
			$\leftarrow$ differentiation		integration $\to$
smooth functions		derivative		Taylor series		germ		smooth function
curve (path)		tangent vector		jet		germ of curve		curve
smooth space		infinitesimal neighbourhood		formal neighbourhood		germ of a space		open neighbourhood
function algebra		square-0 ring extension		nilpotent ring extension/formal completion				ring extension
arithmetic geometry	$\mathbb{F}_p$ finite field			$\mathbb{Z}_p$ p-adic integers		$\mathbb{Z}_{(p)}$ localization at (p)		$\mathbb{Z}$ integers
Lie theory		Lie algebra		formal group		local Lie group		Lie group
symplectic geometry		Poisson manifold		formal deformation quantization		local strict deformation quantization		strict deformation quantization